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. 2014 Aug 12;11:39. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-39

Table 3.

Serum cytokine concentrations

  PRE 30 min 60 min 90 min POST
IL-1β (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 0.9 ± 3.0
 0.9 ± 2.5
 1.0 ± 3.2
 0.9 ± 2.8
 0.7 ± 2.9
FC
 0.9 ± 3.9
 1.0 ± 4.9
 1.0 ± 3.3
 1.2 ± 3.7
 1.4 ± 3.3
LA
 0.9 ± 3.1
 1.0 ± 2.8
 0.8 ± 2.8
 1.1 ± 3.0
 1.1 ± 2.8
LC
 1.2 ± 2.5
 1.1 ± 2.7
 0.9 ± 2.4
 1.1 ± 2.7
 1.3 ± 2.2
IL-1ra (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 186 ± 109
 196 ± 131
 203 ± 154
 256 ± 77
 267 ± 130
FC
 159 ± 59
 173 ± 51
 234 ± 95
 214 ± 121
 212 ± 89
LA
 203 ± 103
 200 ± 100
 202 ± 83
 196 ± 61
 269 ± 152
LC
 234 ± 117
 219 ± 138
 209 ± 81
 224 ± 125
 177 ± 115
IL-6 (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 0.2 ± 1.5
 0.1 ± 1.3
 0.6 ± 2.3
 2.6 ± 3.9a
 6.3 ± 12.9b,d
FC
 0.1 ± 0.5
 0.2 ± 0.3
 0.8 ± 1.5
 1.9 ± 3.6
 2.9 ± 8.8a,c
LA
 0.2 ± 0.2
 0.2 ± 0.1
 0.5 ± 0.8
 1.5 ± 4.0a
 2.2 ± 9.2b,d
LC
 0.2 ± 0.4
 0.2 ± 0.2
 0.9 ± 1.2
 2.3 ± 2.0a,c
 4.0 ± 6.6b,d
IL-8 (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 1.2 ± 0.5
 1.5 ± 0.5
 1.3 ± 0.7
 1.7 ± 0.7
 2.0 ± 0.9
FC
 1.5 ± 0.5
 1.3 ± 0.5
 1.0 ± 0.4
 1.5 ± 0.5
 1.4 ± 0.6
LA
 0.8 ± 0.4
 1.1 ± 0.4
 1.2 ± 0.7
 1.2 ± 0.4
 1.1 ± 0.5
LC
 1.1 ± 0.4
 1.5 ± 0.6
 1.1 ± 0.5
 1.6 ± 0.9
 1.8 ± 0.7
IL-10 (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 5.3 ± 4.1
 3.8 ± 3.8
 5.1 ± 3.8
 4.2 ± 1.6
 2.8 ± 2.0
FC
 2.6 ± 2.3
 3.0 ± 5.0
 3.2 ± 1.3
 2.5 ± 2.7
 2.9 ± 3.2
LA
 4.5 ± 8.5
 3.3 ± 2.4
 3.5 ± 3.2
 3.5 ± 3.0
 4.9 ± 3.4
LC
 3.4 ± 3.5
 3.7 ± 3.5
 3.9 ± 5.6
 3.7 ± 2.4
 3.4 ± 2.5
IL-12p40 (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 37 ± 8
 44 ± 11
 36 ± 6
 38 ± 9
 43 ± 5
FC
 29 ± 5
 36 ± 4
 43 ± 8
 27 ± 6
 36 ± 6
LA
 43 ± 7
 37 ± 6
 32 ± 4
 30 ± 10
 35 ± 5
LC
 32 ± 8
 32 ± 3
 33 ± 3
 30 ± 3
 34 ± 4
Calprotectin (ng/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 21 ± 14
 26 ± 19
 27 ± 24
 47 ± 28
 95 ± 147b
FC
 18 ± 46
 21 ± 121
 25 ± 137
 39 ± 196b
 43 ± 267b,c
LA
 23 ± 32
 42 ± 29
 62 ± 67
 170 ± 181b
 240 ± 117b,d
LC
 26 ± 17
 40 ± 45
 60 ± 53
 64 ± 42a
 103 ± 276b,c
MPO (ng/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 17 ± 2
 20 ± 3
 20 ± 1
 27 ± 4
 46 ± 11#
FC
 20 ± 5
 26 ± 8
 25 ± 5
 38 ± 13
 39 ± 9#
LA
 10 ± 2
 26 ± 4
 24 ± 2
 34 ± 3
 46 ± 5#
LC
 17 ± 2
 21 ± 3
 19 ± 3
 30 ± 7
 34 ± 8#
TNF-α (pg/mL)
  
  
  
  
  
FA
 0.3 ± 0.2
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.4 ± 0.2
FC
 0.3 ± 0.2
 0.3 ± 0.2
 0.3 ± 0.2
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
LA
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
 0.3 ± 0.1
LC 0.3 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1

Data for IL-8, IL-12p40 and MPO are shown as mean ± SEM; data for IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, Calprotectin and TNF-α are shown as median ± quartile deviation aSignificantly different from PRE (P < 0.05). bSignificantly different from PRE (P < 0.01). cSignificantly different from 30 min (P < 0.05). dSignificantly different from 30 min (P < 0.01). #Main effect in time (P < 0.01).

Abbreviations: FA follicular phase placebo trial, FC follicular phase carbohydrate trial, IL interleukin, LA luteal phase placebo trial, LC luteal phase carbohydrate trial, MPO myeloperoxidase, POST high intensity time trial performance test, PRE before exercise, TNF tumor necrosis factor.