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. 1980 Spring;1(4):39–45.

Table 1. Tax Expenditures for Private Health Insurance Compared with Direct Expenditure Programs for Health Care, Fiscal Year 1980.

Program Estimated Outlays or Expenditures (Billions)
Medicare $32.1
Medicaid $12.8
Tax Expenditures for Private Health Insurance $10.6
Veterans Health Programs $ 5.9
All Other Health Services Programs $ 5.0

Source: Rivlin, 1979