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. 2014 Oct 9;5:518. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00518

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Copyright © 2014 Yeh, Huang, Hoffmann, Mayershofer and Schwab.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative expression profiles of down- (A) or up-regulated (B) monolignol genes in F. × ananassa cv. Elsanta. Total RNA was isolated from a single untreated fruit (wild type; WT), control fruits (pBI-intron), down-regulated fruits (pBI-FaCCRi, pBI-FaCADi, and pBI-FaPODi) (A), and up-regulated fruits (pBI-FaCCR, pBI-FaCAD, and pBI-FaPOD) (B). Expression levels of all samples were monitored by qRT-PCR with specific primers for target genes (FaCCR. FaCAD, and FaPOD) and an interspacer gene. The latter was used as an internal control for normalization. For each box-plot graph, one of the WT group was used as the reference (set to one) and each group contained five biological replicates. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test was used for a non-parametric comparison of two groups from pBI-intron and fruits infiltrated with different constructs. Values indicate statistically decreased and increased levels (P < 0.05) and are shown in the box.