| D1 | = | 1 if DAC > 0 (substitution in favor of less expensive drug) |
| = | 0 otherwise | |
| D2 | = | 1 if DAC < 0 (substitution in favor of more expensive drug) |
| = | 0 otherwise | |
| D3 | = | 1 for independent pharmacy |
| = | 0 for chain | |
| i | = | drug (as defined earlier) |
| j | = | type of pharmacy (chain or independent) |
| k | = | observation |
| E(uijk)2 = σij2 and E(uijkuijk) = 0 | ||