AFM images of uncapped active layers: (A) QW sample showing atomic terraces of the top surface of the InGaN QW, (B) fQW, (C) QD+fQW (A) and (D) QD+fQW (B). Scale bar, 500 nm in width, with a vertical scale of 6 nm. The white dots in C and D are indium droplets which form InGaN QDs during growth of the GaN capping layer. The dark patches in B, C, and D are bare GaN.