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. 2014 Sep 2;111(39):14094–14099. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1407033111

Table 1.

On-farm maize richness (farm-level averages) across Mexico, 2002–2007

Region Altitude Varieties/farm Χ2 for difference of means
2002 2007
Mexico 1.43 1.22 29.34 (P < 0.001)
High 1.66 1.40 9.64 (P < 0.01)
Mid 1.28 1.12 6.21 (P = 0.01)
Low 1.32 1.12 22.68 (P < 0.001)
Southeast 1.53 1.39 4.15 (P = 0.04)
High 2.21 2.07 0.40 (P = 0.53)
Mid 1.26 1.33 0.22 (P = 0.64)
Low 1.38 1.16 14.91 (P < 0.001)
Center 1.46 1.20 16.75 (P < 0.001)
High 1.56 1.30 6.95 (P < 0.01)
Mid 1.45 1.06 7.47 (P < 0.01)
Low 1.28 1.08 5.90 (P = 0.02)
West-central 1.33 1.07 12.00 (P < 0.001)
High 1.38 1.05 11.14 (P = 0.001)
Mid 1.30 1.12 1.90 (P = 0.17)
Low 1.27 1.00 1.09 (P = 0.30)
Northwest 1.05 1.03 0.05 (P = 0.82)
Northeast 1.08 1.04 0.42 (P = 0.52)

Average number of varieties per farm includes improved, creolized, and farmer varieties. In 2002, richness was highest in Mexico’s southeast highlands, renowned bulwarks of maize diversity. In general, farm-level richness was lower moving northward and toward lower elevations. By 2007, farmers continued sowing more varieties in high than mid or low elevations, but richness decreased in most areas.