The toxT 5′ UTR fourU RNA thermometer controls virulence of V. cholerae. (A) V. cholerae O1 classical strains KKV598 (WT), KKV2333 (U5C 5′toxT UTR), and KKV2368 (U7C 5′toxT UTR) were coinoculated with the wild-type strain O395 perorally into infant mice. **P < 0.01, Student t test; n.s., not significant. (B) V. cholerae O1 classical strains KKV598 (WT) and KKV2425 (U5C, U7C 5′toxT UTR), and V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain KKV2382 (U5C, U7C 5′toxT UTR) were coinoculated with the wild-type strains O395 or C6706 perorally into infant mice. No U5C U7C mutant bacteria were recovered from the intestine, detection limit (d.l.) is 5 × 10−5. ***P < 0.001, Student t test. Inocula in A and B contained a ratio of ∼1:1 mutant/wild-type; intestinal homogenates were recovered at 24 h after inoculation and cfu of wild-type and mutant strains determined. The competitive index is given as the output ratio of mutant/wild-type divided by the input ratio of mutant/wild-type; each value shown is from an individual mouse.