Table 1.
Odds ratios for pancreatic cancer by prediagnostic plasma levels of branched chain amino acids
| Modela | Isoleucine | Leucine | Valine | Total BCAAsc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extreme Quintilesb | Per S.D. | Extreme Quintilesb | Per S.D. | Extreme Quintilesb | Per S.D. | Extreme Quintilesb | Per S.D. | |
| Base model | 2.11 (1.40-3.18) | 1.30 (1.15–1.48) | 2.08 (1.38–3.13) | 1.31 (1.14–1.50) | 2.00 (1.37–2.92) | 1.23 (1.09–1.39) | 2.13 (1.43–3.15) | 1.30 (1.14–1.48) |
| + BMI and physical activity | 2.05 (1.34–3.12) | 1.29 (1.14–1.48) | 2.01 (1.32–3.06) | 1.29 (1.12–1.49) | 1.94 (1.31–2.86) | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) | 2.06 (1.37–3.09) | 1.28 (1.12–1.47) |
| + BMI, physical activity, and reported diabetes at blood collection | 2.00 (1.31–3.05) | 1.28 (1.13–1.46) | 1.97 (1.29–2.99) | 1.28 (1.11–1.48) | 1.90 (1.28–2.81) | 1.20 (1.06–1.37) | 2.01 (1.34–3.03) | 1.27 (1.11–1.46) |
| + BMI, physical activity, reported diabetes, HbA1c, plasma insulin, proinsulin and C–peptide | 1.86 (1.13–3.03) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.81 (1.11–2.96) | 1.24 (1.04–1.47) | 1.67 (1.06–2.63) | 1.14 (0.99–1.33) | 1.89 (1.17–3.06) | 1.22 (1.04–1.44) |
| Exclude subjects with reported diabetes or HbA1c ≥6.5% at blood collection | 2.12 (1.37–3.27) | 1.33 (1.16–1.52) | 2.16 (1.39–3.35) | 1.32 (1.14–1.54) | 1.91 (1.28–2.85) | 1.23 (1.08–1.41) | 2.19 (1.44–3.34) | 1.31 (1.14–1.51) |
| Exclude subjects with reported diabetes or HbA1c ≥6.5% at blood collection and those with reported diabetes after blood collection | 2.18 (1.39–3.43) | 1.32 (1.15–1.53) | 2.21 (1.40–3.49) | 1.33 (1.13–1.55) | 1.94 (1.27–2.96) | 1.22 (1.07–1.40) | 2.25 (1.45–3.49) | 1.31 (1.13–1.52) |
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) from conditional logistic regression models conditioned on matching factors and adjusted for age at blood draw (years, continuous), fasting time (<4, 4–8, 8–12, ≥12 hours, missing) and race/ethnicity (White, Black, other, missing). Subsequent models also adjusted for indicated measure of energy balance, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance: body–mass index (kg/m2, continuous), physical activity (MET–hr/week, continuous), reported diabetes at blood collection (yes/no), Hemoglobin A1c (%, continuous), plasma insulin (μIU/ml, continuous), plasma proinsulin (pM, continuous), and plasma C–peptide (ng/ml, continuous).
Odds ratios (95% CI) for the comparison of the fifth quintile to the first quintile (referent) for the circulating branched chain amino acids
Sum of the concentrations of the three circulating branched chain amino acids, isoleucine, leucine and valine
Abbreviations: BCAAs, branched chain amino acids; BMI, body–mass index; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; S.D., standard deviation