Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HR) for the association of dietary α-linolenic acid with the risk of total and cause-specific mortality among 2583 US adults (Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals)
| Quintiles
|
P for trend | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II
|
III
|
IV
|
V
|
||||||
| HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | |||
| Total mortality | ||||||||||
| Person-years | 4875 | 4987 | 5096 | 5291 | 5600 | |||||
| No. of deaths | 328 | 328 | 301 | 298 | 262 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·93 | 0·80, 1·09 | 0·85 | 0·73, 0·99 | 0·83 | 0·71, 0·97 | 0·70 | 0·59, 0·82 | <0·0001 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·98 | 0·84, 1·15 | 0·88 | 0·75, 1·03 | 0·86 | 0·73, 1·02 | 0·73 | 0·61, 0·88 | <0·0001 |
| Non-CVD mortality | ||||||||||
| No. of deaths | 225 | 225 | 204 | 186 | 161 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·94 | 0·78, 1·13 | 0·84 | 0·69, 1·02 | 0·75 | 0·62, 0·92 | 0·62 | 0·51, 0·77 | <0·0001 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·98 | 0·81, 1·18 | 0·87 | 0·71, 1·05 | 0·79 | 0·65, 0·97 | 0·64 | 0·52, 0·80 | <0·0001 |
| Total CVD mortality | ||||||||||
| No. of deaths | 89 | 83 | 76 | 92 | 89 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·86 | 0·64, 1·17 | 0·79 | 0·58, 1·07 | 0·94 | 0·70, 1·26 | 0·88 | 0·65, 1·18 | 0·61 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·93 | 0·68, 1·25 | 0·83 | 0·61, 1·14 | 0·97 | 0·72, 1·31 | 0·96 | 0·71, 1·32 | 0·92 |
| Total CHD mortality | ||||||||||
| No. of deaths | 61 | 55 | 50 | 62 | 52 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·84 | 0·59, 1·22 | 0·77 | 0·53, 1·11 | 0·95 | 0·66, 1·36 | 0·77 | 0·53, 1·13 | 0·35 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·89 | 0·62, 1·29 | 0·83 | 0·57, 1·21 | 0·94 | 0·65, 1·36 | 0·85 | 0·58, 1·26 | 0·54 |
| Arrhythmic death | ||||||||||
| No. of deaths | 30 | 28 | 23 | 34 | 20 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·87 | 0·52, 1·45 | 0·72 | 0·42, 1·24 | 1·05 | 0·64, 1·73 | 0·61 | 0·34, 1·08 | 0·26 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·93 | 0·55, 1·58 | 0·80 | 0·46, 1·38 | 1·10 | 0·66, 1·84 | 0·68 | 0·38, 1·23 | 0·42 |
| Non-arrhythmic death | ||||||||||
| No. of deaths | 31 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 32 | |||||
| Age–sex- and energy-adjusted | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·82 | 0·49, 1·38 | 0·81 | 0·49, 1·36 | 0·85 | 0·50, 1·42 | 0·93 | 0·56, 1·54 | 0·85 |
| Additionally adjusted model* | 1·0 (ref.) | 0·86 | 0·51, 1·44 | 0·87 | 0·52, 1·45 | 0·79 | 0·46, 1·36 | 1·02 | 0·61, 1·71 | 0·94 |
ref., Reference.
*
Additionally adjusted for race, enrolment site, education, smoking status, diabetes, BMI, alcohol consumption and treated hypertension.