Table I.

Summary of Findings: Behavioral Therapies for Health Promotion in Children and Adolescents

Behavioral therapies for health behavior change (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking) in children and adolescents
Patient or population: Children and adolescents with no physical illness or health condition
Settings: Community, school, and outpatient care
Intervention: Health promotion interventions
Outcomes	Illustrative probable outcomes (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI) and NNT	No. of participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Probable outcome within control	Probable outcome within intervention
	Control	Behavioral therapies
Overall		The mean health behavior change in the intervention groups was 0.20 SDs higher (0.08 to 0.32 higher)		127,271 (96 studies)	⊕⊕⊕⊖	g = .20 (.08 to .32)
					Moderate	Results were statistically significant
Physical activity		The mean physical activity in the intervention groups was 0.16 SDs higher (0.10 to 0.21 higher)		47,634 (58 studies)	⊕⊕⊕⊖	g = .16 (.10 to .21)
					Moderate	Results were statistically significant
Diet		The mean diet change in the intervention groups was 0.14 SDs higher (0.10 to 0.18 higher)		35,211 (56 studies)	⊕⊕⊕⊖	g = .14 (.10 to .18)
					Moderate	Results were statistically significant
Smoking		The mean smoking behavior in the intervention groups was 0.22 SDs lower (0.19 lower to 0.64 higher)		40,982 (14 studies)	⊕⊕⊕⊖	g = .20 (−.18 to .59)
					Moderate	Results were statistically significant
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence:
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.