Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics, and cognitive scores of whole sample (N=972), according to hypertension status
| Variable | All N=972 |
Hypertension, uncontrolled,* n=195 (20.1%) |
Hypertension, controlled,* n=289 (29.7%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P† | |
| Age (years) | 62.0 | 12.8 | 67.6 | 11.0 | 62.3 | 11.8 | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 14.7 | 2.7 | 14.0 | 2.6 | 14.5 | 2.8 | 0.045 |
| Mean systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.9 | 21.6 | 157.2 | 13.9 | 123.1 | 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Mean diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70.5 | 10.0 | 77.5 | 9.0 | 68.5 | 8.5 | <0.001 |
| Variability systolic BP (SD)§ | 9.2 | 3.3 | 10.8 | 3.5 | 9.1 | 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Variability diastolic BP (SD)§ | 5.6 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 60.4 | 12.8 | 79.7 | 15.0 | 54.6 | 10.3 | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 90.6 | 12.6 | 104.1 | 8.2 | 86.7 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 | 5.9 | 30.9 | 7.1 | 30.4 | 5.9 | 0.414 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201.3 | 39.6 | 196.3 | 36.4 | 191.0 | 38.2 | 0.133 |
| Physical activity (MET mins/wk) | 1232 | 1653 | 871 | 1429 | 1030 | 1525 | 0.251 |
| % | % | % | P‡ | ||||
| Gender | 0.166 | ||||||
| Males | 41.0 | 40.0 | 46.4 | ||||
| Females | 59.0 | 60.0 | 53.6 | ||||
| Ethnicity | 0.409 | ||||||
| African American | 7.5 | 9.7 | 7.6 | ||||
| Other | 92.5 | 90.3 | 92.4 | ||||
| Smoking (current smoker) | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 0.930 | |||
| Alcohol (currently drinks alcohol) | 50.7 | 42.1 | 50.2 | 0.079 | |||
| Cardiovascular disease‖ | 14.3 | 28.7 | 22.5 | 0.121 | |||
| Diabetes¶ | 12.4 | 23.6 | 16.6 | 0.057 | |||
BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; MET, metabolic equivalent; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Hypertension defined as ≥140/90 mmHg, or being treated with anti-hypertensive medication; controlled defined as BP <140/90 mmHg while on medication; uncontrolled defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg while on medication
Analysis of variance for continuous variables.
Chi square for categorical variables.
Variability calculated as the standard deviation of all individual BP measures (15).
Cardiovascular disease was defined as present if there was self-reported history of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, transient ischemic attack, or angina pectoris.
Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL, or being treated with anti-diabetic medication.