. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014 Oct 1;57(5):1666–1678. doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0292

Table 3.

ANOVA results of group main effects for each variable, plus effect sizes (η²⁾

Source (Group difference)	Acoustic Variable	Sum of squares	df	F	Sig	η²
Vowel Space	Vowel space (Hz²)	1422537649612	2	14.310	<0.0001^**	.43
	Error	1888722377633	38

Duration	Vowel duration (ms)	49731	2	3.368	.04502^*	.15
	Error	280553	38

	“Pipe” (Hz/ms)	75	2	6.507	0.0037^**	.26
	Error	218	38
F2 Slope	“Whip” (Hz/ms)	208	2	10.158	0.0003^**	.35
	Error	388	38
	“Toys” (Hz/ms)	122	2	5.518	0.0079^**	.23
	Error	421	38

A1-P1 (dB)	“Big” (dB)	59	2	2.137	0.1320	.10
	Error	525	38

F0	“Top” (Hz)	10556	2	3.313	0.0551	.14
	Error	64067	38

SNR	“Top” (dB)	11	2	0.710	0.4978	.04
	Error	305	38

Word Intelligibility (%)		12383	2	20.860	<0.0001^**	.52
Error		11279	38

p-value < 0.05;

^**

p-value < 0.01)