Table 6.
Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD) of RANAS Variables (n=256), and Associations (rs) and Summary of Binary Logistic Regression Analysisa (n=155) for RANAS Variables Predicting the Behavior of Mitigating (Treating with Reverse Osmosis/Adsorbent Media Systems or rarely/never drinking well water)
| Variable (1 = Strongly Disagree; 6 = Strongly Agree) | Mb | SD | rs | OR | 95% CI of OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||||
| I. Risk | ||||||
| a. Vulnerability | ||||||
| Household is at risk of drinking arsenic-contaminated water | 4.6 | 1.6 | .22** | 0.81 | 0.48 | 1.37 |
| My untreated water is not safe to drink | 4.4 | 1.7 | .59** | 3.52** | 1.99 | 6.23 |
| b. Severity | ||||||
| Arsenic-contaminated water is serious problem for household | 4.0 | 1.8 | .28** | 1.57 | 0.85 | 2.89 |
| Arsenic-related health effects from our well water likely serious | 4.1 | 1.7 | .24** | 1.23 | 0.74 | 2.07 |
| Health risks from arsenic exposure not overblown | 4.5 | 1.5 | .20** | 1.44 | 0.91 | 2.27 |
| c. Knowledge | ||||||
| Households in area often have arsenic-contaminated well water | 5.2 | 1.1 | .15* | 1.07 | 0.61 | 1.86 |
| Household members are exposed to arsenic from our untreated well water | 4.8 | 1.5 | .29** | 1.02 | 0.55 | 1.89 |
| Number of years using our untreated well water increases risks | 4.6 | 1.5 | .26** | 0.60 | 0.30 | 1.20 |
| Well arsenic level can change over time | 4.1 | 1.5 | −.08 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 1.27 |
| II. Attitude | ||||||
| a. Instrumental | ||||||
| Drinking less of untreated water is better for health | 4.6 | 1.7 | .23** | 0.92 | 0.62 | 1.37 |
| Our well arsenic level (untreated) decreases property value | 4.2 | 1.6 | .22** | 0.70 | 0.45 | 1.11 |
| Reducing drinking water arsenic would increase home value | 4.5 | 1.5 | .29** | 2.02** | 1.24 | 3.30 |
| Does not take a lot of effort to decrease arsenic exposure | 3.4 | 1.5 | −.03 | 1.14 | 0.71 | 1.83 |
| Does not cost a lot of money to decrease arsenic exposure | 2.6 | 1.6 | −.07 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 1.06 |
| b. Affective | ||||||
| Feel concerned about arsenic well level | 4.4 | 1.5 | .25** | 0.68 | 0.38 | 1.21 |
| Feel worried about arsenic well level | 3.6 | 1.8 | .15* | 0.62* | 0.40 | 0.95 |
| Concerned about water despite drinking long time with no problem | 4.5 | 1.7 | .26** | 0.78 | 0.51 | 1.18 |
| Do not like my untreated well water (e.g. taste, smell, looks) | 3.2 | 2.0 | .32** | 0.99 | 0.75 | 1.30 |
| III. Norms | ||||||
| a. Descriptive | ||||||
| Neighbors treat well water | 4.0 | 1.5 | .21** | 0.94 | 0.62 | 1.43 |
| Relatives treat well water | 2.6 | 1.7 | .08 | 1.21 | 0.85 | 1.71 |
| b. Injunctive | ||||||
| Neighbors expect me to treat well water | 2.0 | 1.4 | .22** | 1.38 | 0.88 | 2.16 |
| Local authorities advised not to drink well water untreated | 2.4 | 1.8 | .25** | 1.23 | 0.89 | 1.71 |
| IV. Ability | ||||||
| a. Action Knowledge | ||||||
| Know how to find company to install water treatment system for arsenic | 4.8 | 1.7 | .11 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 1.43 |
| b. Self-efficacy | ||||||
| Easy to compare pros and cons of arsenic control methods | 3.7 | 1.6 | .14* | 1.47 | 0.99 | 2.19 |
| Confident can maintain treatment system, even if additional costs | 4.6 | 1.6 | .14* | 0.93 | 0.59 | 1.47 |
| Something can be done about arsenic level in water | 5.1 | 1.3 | .06 | 1.01 | 0.63 | 1.61 |
| V. Self-regulation | ||||||
| a. Commitment | ||||||
| Committed to decreasing our arsenic exposure | 4.5 | 1.6 | .34** | 0.96 | 0.56 | 1.63 |
*
p<.05;
**
p<.01;
a
Nagelkerke R Square = .589; Overall predictive rate of 83.2%
b
<3.5 means disagreement on average, >3.5 means average agreement
OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval