Table 5. Mean baseline and 6 month values and the mean absolute changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function in the subgroup of participants with prediabetes.

			Mean Change	P value*
	Baseline	6 months	(95% CI)	Time	Treatment	Interaction
HOMA2%S †
Treatment (n = 13)	58.5 (23.4)	59.0 (25.3)	0.5 (−12.0, 13.1)	0.17	0.04	0.18
Placebo (n = 25)	47.6 (22.6)	42.2 (22.5)	−5.5 (−11.0, 0.1)
Matsuda index
Treatment (n = 13)	41.9 (18.7)	44.1 (22.3)	2.1 (−6.2, 10.4)	0.97	0.04	0.29
Placebo (n = 25)	32.8 (14.7)	30.8 (13.6)	−2.0 (−6.0, 2.0)
Insulinogenic index, µU/mL/mmol/L μµU/mL µU/mL
Treatment (n = 13)	0.52 (0.21)	0.49 (0.19)	−0.03 (−0.09, 0.03)	0.39	0.84	0.62
Placebo (n = 23)	0.52 (0.23)	0.52 (0.23)	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)
AUC for C-peptide, nmol/L ×120 min
Treatment (n = 13)	453.7 (167.8)	456.6 (152.8)	2.9 (−30.2, 36.0)	0.65	0.57	0.49
Placebo (n = 24)	487.3 (132.1)	473.9 (97.6)	−13.4 (−45.0, 18.2)
Disposition index, nmol/L ×120 min ‡
Treatment (n = 13)	16796 (4760)	17634 (5306)	838 (−1419, 3095)	0.98	0.06	0.17
Placebo (n = 24)	14591 (4418)	13730 (5073)	−861 (−2306, 584)

Baseline and 6 month data are presented as mean (SD).

*A 2-factor repeated-measures regression analysis was used to assess time effects and time by treatment effect interactions on all outcome variables.

^†Logarithmically-transformed variables.

^‡Calculated by multiplying Matsuda index by AUC for C-peptide.

AUC, area under the curve; HOMA2%S, Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 index of insulin sensitivity.