Table I.
Clinical characteristics of each group
| Characteristics | Controls (N = 90) | KP (N = 59) | ROA (N = 32) | SROA (N = 62) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 71 (7.9) | 63.8 (8.8)** | 73.1 (7.9) | 73.9 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 26.5 (4.4)** | 28.5 (4.0) | 29.6 (5.3) | 29.2 (4.1) | =0.001 |
| Women n (%) | 63 (70%) | 33 (55.9%) | 19 (59.3%) | 42 (67.7%) | =0.29 |
| Nottingham LDA scores | |||||
| Global score (0–60) mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.1) | 11.9 (7.1)* | 17.5 (8.0)** | <0.001 |
| Pain characteristics | |||||
| Pain VAS (mm) mean (SD) | 6.6 (11.0) | 48.9 (22.0)* | 7.2 (14.4) | 48.2 (24.6)* | <0.001 |
| WOMAC pain (0–20) mean (SD) | 1.0 (1.51) | 8.0 (3.34)* | 0.9 (1.34) | 8.1 (3.23)* | <0.001 |
| ICOAP subscales | |||||
| Constant (0–20) mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.2) | 5.9 (4.8)* | 0.2 (.59) | 6.9 (5.2)** | <0.001 |
| Intermittent (0–24) mean (SD) | 1.6 (2.5) | 10.2 (4.1)* | 2.0 (3.1) | 10.6 (5.5)** | <0.001 |
| Clinical | |||||
| Clinical effusion n (%) | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (3.4%) | 5 (15.6%)* | 31 (50%)** | <0.001 |
| EMS ≥ 30 min n (%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (37.7%)* | 0 (0%) | 15 (27.3%)* | <0.001 |
| WOMAC stiffness (0–8) mean (SD) | 0.8 (1.1) | 3.4 (1.6)* | 0.9 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.8)* | <0.001 |
| WOMAC function (0–68) mean (SD) | 4.2 (6.5) | 25.8 (12.3)* | 5.5 (6.6) | 29.6 (11.8)* | <0.001 |
P value represents significant difference between the four groups using Χ2 tests for frequency data and one-way ANOVA for continuous data.
*group differs significantly from control P < 0.05 after applying post-hoc Bonferroni test.
**group differs significantly from all groups P < 0.05 after applying post-hoc Bonferroni test.
ROA, radiographic OA; SROA, symptomatic OA; EMS ≥ 30 min, a dichotomous variable was created for EMS lasting longer than 30 min.