Table 3. Comparison of clinical characteristics according to TB tertiles in men and women.
| Men | Women | |||||
| TB (mg/dL) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 |
| (<0.70) | (0.70–0.90) | (>0.90) | (<0.60) | (0.60–0.70) | (>0.70) | |
| n | 271 | 295 | 241 | 326 | 302 | 276 |
| Age (years) | 55.9±10.7 | 55.0±9.9 | 54.5±9.6 | 58.6±11.0 | 59.3±10.4 | 58.6±11.0 |
| DM duration (years) | 8.4±8.2 | 6.9±7.7 | 5.3±6.6a ,b | 10.1±8.7 | 7.8±7.5a | 6.1±6.2a ,b |
| Retinopathy (%)† ‡ | 38.6 | 24.7 | 17.4 | 37.3 | 18.2 | 22.2 |
| Nephropathy (%)† ‡ | 36.8 | 24.6 | 19.3 | 36.3 | 21.5 | 27.1 |
| History of CVD (%)† | 15.5 | 11.2 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Insulin use (%)† ‡ | 31.7 | 21.4 | 18.7 | 35.3 | 22.9 | 19.6 |
| Statin use (%) | 34.7 | 32.9 | 28.6 | 31.6 | 35.4 | 33.0 |
| ACEi/ARB use (%) | 35.8 | 32.5 | 26.6 | 34.1 | 37.4 | 33.7 |
| Smoking (%) | 42.8 | 37.4 | 33.6 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 3.6 |
| Alcohol (%) | 52.1 | 58.4 | 59.6 | 15.8 | 19.9 | 17.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.3 | 24.6±3.1 | 24.8±3.2 | 25.1±3.9 | 24.8±3.5 | 25.5±3.7b |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.5±2.4 | 8.2±2.2 | 7.9±1.9a | 8.4±2.1 | 8.1±2.2 | 7.9±1.9a |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.0±16.6 | 127.3±16.0a | 128.8±16.2 | 131.9±18.8 | 130.5±17.8 | 129.8±18.0 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.1±10.4 | 79.1±9.9 | 79.9±10.1 | 77.2±11.4 | 76.5±9.8 | 77.5±10.6 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 180.2±48.6 | 177.8±45.0 | 172.8±42.6 | 178.4±44.4 | 183.0±4.6 | 179.6±41.7 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 204.1±155.7 | 181.2±125.3 | 183.6±150.5 | 173.1±121.8 | 154.4±119.6 | 160.5±85.8 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42.1±10.8 | 44.4±10.2a | 45.4±11.0a | 45.7±11.5 | 49.2±12.7a | 48.1±10.1 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 98.4±37.5 | 97.5±37.6 | 93.2±37.3 | 98.8±37.0 | 103.3±36.1 | 99.9±38.5 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 99.1±31.9 | 103.5±25.2 | 107.1±27.8a | 96.3±36.0 | 108.5±33.7a | 105.9±27.2a |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.3±10.6 | 25.9±10.8a | 29.0±13.8a ,b | 24.8±11.9 | 25.0±10.6 | 28.3±13.9a ,b |
| ALT (IU/L) | 25.1±15.0 | 29.1±15.6a | 33.2±19.8a ,b | 25.2±16.7 | 24.8±14.9 | 29.1±16.5a ,b |
| 10-year FRS (%) | 12.0±7.7 | 10.1±7.2a | 9.2± 6.6a ,b | 3.8±4.5 | 3.6±4.1 | 3.1±3.7 |
| PWV (m/s) | 15.8±3.3 | 15.0±2.7a | 15.1±2.9a | 16.6±3.7 | 16.0±3.5 | 15.6±3.4a |
a
P<0.05 vs. T1 and b P<0.05 vs. T2 (One-way ANOVA and post hoc test).
†
P<0.05 in men and ‡ P<0.05 in women (χ2 test).