Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression with acceptance and uptake of the HPV vaccine as outcomes.
| ACCEPTANCE - AOR [95% CI] | UPTAKE - AOR [95% CI] | ||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| n = 270 | n = 278 | n = 280 | n = 239 | n = 246 | n = 247 | n = 227 | |
| ACCEPTANCE – WELL-INFORMED | |||||||
| Would you vaccinate your daughter? | |||||||
| (Baseline) | 3.36 | ||||||
| (very) likely (ref: neutr. –(very) unlikely) | [0.80–14.1] | ||||||
| Were you well-informed about the | |||||||
| vaccination program? (at follow-up) | 6.37** | ||||||
| Yes (ref: No) | [2.24–18.1] | ||||||
| BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||
| Age of participant at baseline | 1.06* | 1.003 | |||||
| [1.00–1.12] | nw | [0.96–1.04] | nw | ||||
| Age of daughter at baseline | 1.05 | 1.088 | |||||
| [0.77–1.44] | nw | [0.86–1.37] | nw | ||||
| Years of education of participant | 0.98 | 1.051 | |||||
| [0.89–1.08] | nw | [0.97–1.14] | nw | ||||
| Housing | 0.90 | nw | 0.972 | ||||
| [0.64–1.26] | [0.60–1.56] | nw | |||||
| Marital status of participant | |||||||
| Without partner (ref: with partner) | 0.56 | 0.689 | |||||
| [0.15–2.00] | nw | [0.37–1.29] | nw | ||||
| Religion of participant. (ref: protestant.) | |||||||
| Catholic | 1.35 | 1.416 | |||||
| [0.28–6.42] | [0.57–3.50] | ||||||
| Muslim | 0.078** | 1.171 | |||||
| [0.02–0.38] | nw | [0.42–3.26] | nw | ||||
| Origin of participant | |||||||
| rural - outside Kenya (ref: urban) | 0.49 | 0.546 | 0.48* | 0.53* | |||
| [0.15–1.62] | nw | [0.21–1.42] | [0.23–0.99] | [0.29–0.97] | |||
| Ever heard of cervical cancer? (at | |||||||
| baseline) | 0.43 | 0.46 | 1.610* | 1.84* | 2.07* | ||
| Yes (ref: No–don't know) | [0.17–1.11] | [0.17–1.30] | [1.09–2.38] | [1.04–3.26] | [1.18–3.63] | ||
| BARRIERS AT BASELINE | |||||||
| Need for more information | 1.21 | 0.99 | |||||
| [0.86–1.71] | nw | [0.83–1.18] | nw | ||||
| Barriers inherent to vaccination° | 0.86 | 1.06 | |||||
| [0.56–1.33] | nw | [0.68–1.63] | nw | ||||
| It might encourage unsafe sex | 0.94 | 0.82 | |||||
| [0.57–1.53] | nw | [0.49–1.37] | nw | ||||
| Daughter is too young for vaccine against an STI? | 0.72 | 0.67* | 0.99 | ||||
| [0.48–1.10] | [0.45–0.99] | [0.57–1.69] | nw | ||||
| Partner won't approve? | 0.50** | 0.47*** | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.99 | ||
| [0.33–0.74] | [0.32–0.71] | [0.68–1.16] | [0.67–1.03] | [0.74–1.32] | |||
| Barriers related to time constraints°° | 0.68 | 1.00 | |||||
| [0.27–1.69] | nw | [0.57–1.74] | nw | ||||
| Cons | 9.86 | 103.60** | 138.38*** | 0.20 | 0.68 | 1.07 | 0.06* |
| F-statistic (p) | 410.3 (0.04) | 14.15 (0.01) | 13.93 (0.00) | 2.661 (0.44) | 0.304 (0.91) | 5.916 (0.02) | 4.443 (0.06) |
Model 1: including baseline characteristics; model 2: including barriers perceived at baseline; model 3: including baseline characteristics and barriers obtained by stepwise backward regression – model 4: model 3 + acceptance and being well-informed about the HPV vaccination program.
AOR: adjusted odds ratio – CI: confidence interval.
°average of: doubt the vaccine works, fear of side effects and interference with fertility, and afraid of unsafe administration; alpha = 0.90.
°° average of: vaccination takes a lot of time and 3 doses are inconvenient; alpha = 0.79.
nw: not withheld in backward stepwise regression.
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001.