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-Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | N | Gender Male/female | Etiology (cancer) Biliary/gallbladder/others | Bismuth type I/II/III/IV | Study Quality (Star Rating) |
| Law et al. (9) | 24 | 19/5 | 14/4/6 | 0/11/3/10 | ☆☆☆☆ |
| Naitoh et al. (8) | 52 | 25/27 | 18/24/10 | 6/14/9/23 | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Kim et al. (11) | 41 | 28/13 | 24/4/13 | 2/11/15/13 | ☆☆☆☆☆☆ |
| Koh et al. (10) | 41 | 41/0 | 26/9/6 | 0/3/26/12 | ☆☆☆☆ |
