Table 2.
Covariate Balance Before and After Matching, Family and Peer Characteristics, C12–15 Sample
| Means | Differences in Means | % Reduction in Absolute Bias | Post-Match Hypothesis Test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arrested | Non-Arrested | Unadjusted | Post-Match | T-Statistic | P-value | ||
| Family Characteristics
|
|||||||
| Immigrant Generation (versus Third) | |||||||
| First | 0.07 | 0.14 | −0.06 | 0.01 | 87.0 | 0.20 | 0.838 |
| Second | 0.15 | 0.30 | −0.15 ** | 0.00 | 100.0 | 0.00 | 1.000 |
| Household Income | 3.78 | 3.89 | −0.11 | −0.05 | 50.6 | −0.17 | 0.862 |
| Caregiver Occupational Status (SEI) | 41.02 | 40.07 | 0.96 | −1.08 | −12.5 | −0.39 | 0.694 |
| Caregiver Education | 3.01 | 2.87 | 0.14 | −0.18 | −24.7 | −0.89 | 0.377 |
| Married Parents | 0.31 | 0.48 | −0.17 ** | −0.01 | 95.0 | −0.12 | 0.908 |
| Length of Residence | 5.45 | 5.61 | −0.16 | 0.35 | −125.2 | 0.49 | 0.624 |
| Extended Family in Household | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 79.8 | −0.24 | 0.814 |
| Num. of Children in Household | 3.73 | 3.41 | 0.32 | −0.05 | 83.0 | −0.15 | 0.878 |
| Family Supervision | −0.07 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.08 | −471.1 | 0.71 | 0.480 |
| Family Control | 60.14 | 58.31 | 1.82 | −1.66 | 9.0 | −1.41 | 0.161 |
| Family Conflict | 49.45 | 47.77 | 1.68 | −0.61 | 63.7 | −0.35 | 0.723 |
| Family Religiosity | 61.81 | 60.80 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 18.9 | 0.83 | 0.406 |
| Family Support | −0.10 | −0.05 | −0.05 | −0.01 | 75.6 | −0.10 | 0.924 |
| Paternal Criminal Record | 0.11 | 0.11 | −0.01 | −0.03 | −324.5 | −0.50 | 0.619 |
| Paternal Substance Use | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 36.9 | −0.46 | 0.648 |
| Maternal Substance Use | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.10 *** | 0.01 | 91.2 | 0.16 | 0.872 |
| Maternal Depression | 0.15 | 0.17 | −0.01 | 0.04 | −194.9 | 0.75 | 0.453 |
| Parent-Child Conflict | 0.25 | −0.08 | 0.33 *** | 0.06 | 82.6 | 0.47 | 0.638 |
| Home Environment | |||||||
| Access to Reading | −0.26 | −0.08 | −0.19 | −0.16 | 18.1 | −0.49 | 0.621 |
| Developmental Stimulation | −0.02 | −0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 | −41.8 | 0.44 | 0.663 |
| Parental Warmth | −0.14 | −0.09 | −0.05 | −0.33 | −563.2 | −1.29 | 0.200 |
| Hostility | 0.42 | 0.53 | −0.12 | 0.00 | 96.8 | −0.01 | 0.996 |
| Parental Verbal Ability | 0.04 | −0.01 | 0.05 | −0.10 | −87.6 | −0.37 | 0.709 |
| Family Outings | 0.02 | −0.14 | 0.16 | −0.07 | 55.8 | −0.58 | 0.562 |
| Home Interior | −0.15 | −0.18 | 0.03 | −0.24 | −712.4 | −0.85 | 0.397 |
| Home Exterior | −0.20 | −0.09 | −0.10 | 0.03 | 69.2 | 0.16 | 0.871 |
| Peer Characteristics
|
|||||||
| Friend Support | 0.02 | 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.00 | −14.1 | 0.28 | 0.778 |
| Peer Attachment | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.13 | 0.02 | 87.1 | 0.16 | 0.876 |
| Peer School Attachment | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.08 | −0.04 | 51.2 | −0.58 | 0.566 |
| Peer Pressure | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.11 | −0.04 | 63.3 | −0.23 | 0.821 |
| Deviance of Peers | 0.46 | 0.04 | 0.42 *** | −0.04 | 91.5 | −0.26 | 0.793 |
Notes: Data is drawn from Wave 1 of the PHDCN-LCS. N = 659.
*
p <0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001