Table 4.
Predictors of different forms of violence in girls and boys
| Characteristic | Emotional violence/neglect versus no emotional violence/neglect | Sexual violence versus no sexual violence | Physical Violence from non-school staff versus no violence from non-school staff | Past week physical violence from school staff versus no past week violence from school staff | Any of these forms of violence versus none | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR a (95% CI) | p | aOR a (95% CI) | p | aOR a (95% CI) | p | aOR a (95% CI) | p | aOR a (95% CI) | p | |
| Girls (n = 1920) | ||||||||||
| Age (years, continuous) | 0.99 (0.91-1.09) | 0.889 | 1.31 (1.16-1.50) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.78-0.94) | 0.001 | 0.91 (0.86-0.96) | 0.002 | 0.90 (0.76-1.06) | 0.188 |
| Ate at least 3 meals yesterday | 0.93 (0.77-1.13) | 0.486 | 0.83 (0.58-1.18) | 0.284 | 1.12 (0.86-1.47) | 0.394 | 0.81 (0.66-0.99) | 0.043 | 1.03 (0.78-1.36) | 0.820 |
| Shares a sleeping area with at least 2 other children versus less | 0.78 (0.60-1.02) | 0.065 | 0.72 (0.56-0.92) | 0.01 | 0.88 (0.75-1.03) | 0.113 | 1.04 (0.80-1.37) | 0.748 | 0.74 (0.58-0.93) | 0.011 |
| Shares a sleeping area with any adults versus none | 0.96 (0.81-1.13) | 0.598 | 0.98 (0.77-1.25) | 0.855 | 1.08 (0.79-1.46) | 0.630 | 1.14 (0.95-1.35) | 0.153 | 1.14 (0.87-1.50) | 0.335 |
| Works less than 1 hour per day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Works 1-2 hours per day | 1.28 (0.99-1.64) | 0.055 | 1.07 (0.77-1.53) | 0.685 | 1.39 (1.02-1.89) | 0.037 | 1.24 (1.02-1.51) | 0.030 | 1.35 (0.92-1.99) | 0.125 |
| Works more than 2 hours per day | 2.69 (1.80-4.03) | <0.001 | 1.56 (0.87-2.73) | 0.120 | 1.53 (0.94-2.48) | 0.086 | 1.91 (1.13-3.26) | 0.018 | 3.72 (1.79-7.75) | 0.001 |
| Disability | 1.36 (0.86-2.13) | 0.179 | 2.15 (1.33-3.48) | 0.002 | 1.26 (0.80-1.99) | 0.309 | 1.46 (1.00-2.12) | 0.047 | 1.52 (0.68-3.39) | 0.298 |
| Low mental health difficulties | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Medium mental health difficulties | 2.30 (1.66-3.19) | 0.001 | 1.97(1.35-2.88) | 0.001 | 1.38 (0.92-2.06) | 0.113 | 1.38 (1.04-1.83) | 0.025 | 2.28 (1.52-3.41) | <0.001 |
| High mental health difficulties | 2.92 (2.02-4.24) | 0.001 | 2.18 (1.31-3.61) | 0.003 | 1.62 (1.08-2.41) | 0.020 | 2.36 (1.58-3.54) | <0.001 | 2.95 (1.46-5.94) | 0.003 |
| Boys (n = 1759) | ||||||||||
| Age (years, continuous) | 0.98 (0.90-1.07) | 0.624 | 0.85 (0.80-0.90) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.82-0.98) | 0.018 | 0.86 (0.77-0.96) | 0.010 | ||
| Ate at least 3 meals yesterday | 0.87 (0.71-1.08) | 0.200 | 1.06 (0.79-1.44) | 0.675 | 0.94 (0.74-1.19) | 0.586 | 1.12 (0.78-1.60) | 0.524 | ||
| Shares a sleeping area with at least 2 other children versus less | 0.72 (0.58-0.90) | 0.005 | 0.94 (1.79-1.12) | 0.493 | 0.84 (0.69-1.03) | 0.090 | 0.86 (0.68-1.10) | 0.224 | ||
| Shares a sleeping area with any adults versus none | 0.98 (0.81-1.18) | 0.812 | 1.18 (0.85-1.65) | 0.317 | 0.92 (0.68-1.24) | 0.558 | 1.11 (0.80-1.53) | 0.523 | ||
| Works less than 1 hour per day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Works 1-2 hours per day | 1.49 (1.14-1.95) | 0.005 | 1.55 (1.16-2.08) | 0.004 | 1.41 (1.11-1.80) | 0.006 | 1.73 (1.27-2.36) | 0.001 | ||
| Works more than 2 hours per day | 1.54 (0.99-2.42) | 0.056 | 1.62 (0.99-2.67) | 0.056 | 1.23 (0.94-1.61) | 0.132 | 1.59 (0.97-2.63) | 0.067 | ||
| Disability | 1.08 (0.74-1.56) | 0.672 | 1.17 (0.80-1.69) | 0.409 | 0.62 (0.48-0.81) | 0.001 | 1.01 (0.62-1.63) | 0.972 | ||
| Low mental health difficulties | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Medium mental health difficulties | 2.21 (1.47-3.34) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.01-1.87) | 0.045 | 2.02 (1.47-2.80) | <0.001 | 2.55 (1.51-4.28) | 0.001 | ||
| High mental health difficulties | 3.05 (1.86-5.01) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.25-2.71) | 0.003 | 2.30 (1.67-3.16) | <0.001 | 3.63 (1.81-7.28) | 0.001 | ||
aAdjusted for all other variables in model.