Table 2.
Association between ETS-exposure status and diabetes mellitus according to smoking status
| ETS (yes vs. no) in never smokers OR (95% CI) | ETS (yes vs. no) in ex-smokers OR (95% CI) | ETS (yes vs. no) in current smokers OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | 1.54 (1.05, 2.27) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.45) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.35) |
| Adjusted for age and sex | 1.86 (1.26, 2.76) | 1.26 (0.87, 1.82) | 1.07 (0.63, 1.82) |
| + socio-economic status | 1.81 (1.22, 2.69) | 1.21 (0.84, 1.75) | 1.05 (0.62, 1.78) |
| + lifestyle characteristicsa | 1.75 (1.17, 2.60) | 1.19 (0.81, 1.73] | 1.06 (0.62, 1.82) |
| + home outdoor PM10 | 1.73 (1.16, 2.57) | 1.17 (0.81, 1.71) | 1.06 (0.62, 1.81) |
| + body mass index | 1.50 (1.00, 2.26) | 1.07 (0.73, 1.57) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.61) |
Socio-economic status includes educational attainment and area-level socio-economic position; ainclude alcohol consumption, smoking pack-years, work exposure to dust gas and fumes, citrus fruits, other fruits and raw vegetables, and physical activity. OR: odds ratio. OR values represent % increase in diabetes prevalence for exposure to ETS in each smoking group. CI: confidence interval. PM10: particulate matter <10 μm in diameter. Area was treated as a random effect in all models. + indicates additional adjustment. N = 6392 at all levels of adjustment.