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. 2014 Sep 25;13:74. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-74

Table 4.

Patterns of susceptibility to ETS in association with diabetes mellitus, in never smokers

Variable Categories ETS (yes vs. no) in never-smokers.OR (95% CI)
Age ≤ 50 years 0.32 (0.07, 1.60)
> 50 years 1.69 (1.10, 2.60)
Interaction 0.05
Sex Males 1.23 (0.65, 2.35)
Females 1.71 (1.01, 2.92)
Interaction p-value 0.443
BMI (kg/m2) < 25 1.15 (0.42, 3.19)
25-29 1.24 (0.68, 2.27)
≥30 1.97 (1.12, 3.46)
Interaction p-value 0.261
Hypertension No 1.23 (0.56, 2.73)
Yes 1.64 (1.01, 2.66)
Interaction p-value 0.545
COPD (FEV1/FVC <0.7) No 1.18 (0.75, 1.87)
Yes 4.55 (1.69, 12.3)
Interaction p-value 0.015
Educational level ≤ 9 years 1.38 (0.44, 4.31)
>9 years 1.52 (0.98, 2.36)
Interaction 0.254
Vigorous physical activity <0.5 hours/week 1.88 (1.09, 3.19)
≥0.5 hours/week 1.05 (0.62, 1.79)
Interaction p-value 0.160
Triglyceride level (mmol/l) ≤ 1.52 0.89 (0.38, 2.10)
> 1.52 1.85 (1.13, 3.02)
Interaction p-value 0.149
HDL level (mmol/l) ≤ 1.51 1.59 (0.96, 2.61)
> 1.51 1.34 (0.61, 2.94)
Interaction p-value 0.718
C-reactive protein (mg/l) ≤1.0 1.71 (0.83, 3.56)
>1.0 1.47 (0.89, 2.45)
Interaction p-value 0.742
Menopause No 0.56 (0.07, 4.33)
Yes 2.14 (1.13, 4.05)
Interaction p-value 0.217

OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC: forced vital capacity. HDL: high density lipoproteins. OR values represent % increase in prevalent diabetes for ETS exposure in never smokers in each category. Triglyceride and C-reactive protein were grouped by its median value while HDL was grouped by its mean value. Area was treated as a random effect in all models. Group-specific estimates were obtained from a single model. P-values of interaction terms (between exposure and potential effect modifiers) were obtained from a separate model.