Table 7 . Association between sugars categorization (any type) and intake of macronutrients (other than fat) and alcohol (% energy).
| Reference | Sugars classification | Statistical Test | Energy intake | Protein (% energy) | Carbohydrate (% energy) | Carbohydrate type (% energy) | Alcohol (% energy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sugars | |||||||
| (Bolton Smith and Woodward, 1994) | Total sugars (% total energy) | Spearman rank correlation coefficients (two-tailed significance levels) | Men: positive P < 0.001 Women: positive r < 0.10 | Men & Women: inverse P < 0.001 | Starch Men & Women: inverse P < 0.001 | Men & Women: inverse P < 0.001 | |
| (Farris et al., 1998) | Total sugars quartiles (g/1000 kcal) | Analysis of variance; coefficients of sums of squares for trend analysis | Children: NS | Children inverse P = 0.0001 (g/1000 kcal): inverse P = 0.0001 (significant linear trend (< 0.0001) | Children: positive P = 0.0001 (g/1000 kcal): positive P = 0.0001 (significant linear trend P < 0.0001) | Children Dietary Fibre NS Starch(g/1000 kcal): inverse P = 0.001 (significant linear trend P < 0.0001) | |
| Extrinsic sugars | |||||||
| (Baghurst et al., 1992) | Added sugars deciles (% total energy) | Chi-squared test | Men & Women: positive linear trend P < 0.001 | Men & Women: negative linear trend P < 0.001 | Men & Women: positive linear trend P < 0.001 | Complex Carbohydrate Men & Women: negative linear trend P < 0.001 | Men & Women: negative linear trend P < 0.001 |
| (Bolton Smith and Woodward, 1994) | Extrinsic sugars (% total energy) | Spearman rank correlation coefficients (two-tailed significance levels) | Men & Women: positive P < 0.001 | Men & Women: inverse P < 0.001 | Starch Inverse P < 0.001 | Men: NS Women: inverse P < 0.001 | |
| (Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, 1989) | NMES tertiles (g/1000 kcal) | Method not provided | Men & Women: NS | g/1000 kcal Men & Women: inverse P < 0.01 | g/1000 kcal Men & Women: positive P < 0.001 | g/1000 kcal Men & Women: NS | |
| (Erkkola et al., 2009) | Added sucrose quartiles (% energy) | One-way ANOVA | Children: NS | Children: inverse P < 0.001 | Children: positive P < 0.001 | Fiber Children: inverse P < 0.001 | |
| (Kranz et al., 2005) | Added sugars: five groupings (% energy) | Nonparametric test for trend (z score) | Children 2–3 years: positive P = 0.01; 4–5 years: NS | Children: inverse < 0.001 | Children: positive < 0.001 | Fiber Children: inverse < 0.001 | |
| (Lewis et al., 1992) | Added sugars tertiles (% total energy) | Bonferroni test | Children & adults: positive P < 0.01 for low vs. moderate consumers | Children & adults: positive trend (no statistical analysis) | |||
| (Ruottinen et al., 2008) | Sucrose: three groupings (% energy) | Repeated measures ANOVA F-test | Children: NS | Children: inverse (P < 0.001) | Children: positive (P < 0.001) | Dietary Fibre Children: inverse (P < 0.001) | |
| Intrinsic sugars | |||||||
| (Bolton Smith and Woodward, 1994) | Intrinsic sugars (% total energy) | Spearman rank correlation coefficients (two-tailed significance levels) | Men & Women: inverse P < 0.001 | Men & Women: positive P < 0.001 | Starch Men: positive P < 0.001 Women: NS | Men: inverse P < 0.001 Women: inverse r < 0.10 | |
NMES: Nonmilk extrinsic sugars.