Table 2. Levels of Acculturation Among US Latino Adults by Sociodemographic Characteristics and Body Mass Index, NHANES 2007–2010.
| Characteristic | Acculturation Level (score)a
|
P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest (0) % (95% CI)b | Low (1) % (95% CI)b | High (2) % (95% CI)b | Highest (3) % (95% CI)b | ||
| Hispanic origin | |||||
| Mexican | 35.1 (28.6–41.6) | 20.1 (17.4–22.9) | 11.5 (8.7–14.0) | 33.3 (29.3–37.4) | .21 |
| Other | 35.2 (26.5–44.0) | 24.1 (20.4–27.7) | 14.1 (10.9–17.3) | 26.6 (19.7–33.5) | |
| Age, y | |||||
| 20–29 | 40.4 (31.7–49.1) | 9.2 (6.6–11.8) | 10.0 (6.9–13.0) | 40.4 (33.5–47.4) | <.001 |
| 30–39 | 46.1 (40.6–51.6) | 13.2 (9.0–17.4) | 9.6 (7.3–11.9) | 31.1 (25.5–36.7) | |
| 40–49 | 35.2 (28.7–41.7) | 27.4 (23.4–31.4) | 14.7 (12.0–17.5) | 22.7 (17.1–28.3) | |
| 50–59 | 23.3 (18.7–27.9) | 34.7 (29.6–39.9) | 13.9 (10.4–17.4) | 28.1 (22.7–33.4) | |
| >60 | 15.8 (11.7–19.9) | 39.0 (32.2–45.9) | 17.0 (13.4–20.6) | 28.2 (19.6–36.7) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 36.3 (29.8–42.7) | 22.0 (19.4–24.6) | 12.4 (10.3–14.5) | 29.4 (24.6–34.2) | .26 |
| Female | 34.0 (28.7–39.2) | 21.1 (18.6–23.7) | 12.4 (9.8–14.9) | 32.5 (27.9–37.2) | |
| Education | |||||
| <9th grade | 53.3 (44.2–62.5) | 34.2 (27.8–40.4) | 5.7 (3.6–7.8) | 6.8 (4.3–9.4) | <.001 |
| 9th–11th grade | 40.0 (33.4–46.7) | 19.3 (16.8–21.9) | 13.5 (9.3–17.4) | 27.2 (21.4–33.1) | |
| High school | 30.3 (22.2–38.3) | 17.8 (14.2–21.4) | 13.1 (8.8–17.4) | 38.8 (31.9–45.8) | |
| >High school | 20.6 (15.7–25.5) | 15.4 (11.5–19.3) | 16.5 (14.5–18.5) | 47.5 (40.1–54.8) | |
| Income-to-povertyc | |||||
| ≤0.84 | 45.1 (35.2–55.1) | 20.6 (16.3–24.9) | 9.5 (5.2–13.6) | 24.8 (18.9–30.7) | <.001 |
| 0.85–1.44 | 42.9 (33.7–52.1) | 25.6 (21.5–29.7) | 12.0 (8.3–15.8) | 19.5 (13.5–25.5) | |
| 1.45–2.60 | 32.9 (26.2–39.7) | 21.9 (18.2–25.6) | 12.6 (9.6–15.5) | 32.6 (25.8–39.4) | |
| ≥2.60 | 11.6 (7.5–15.7) | 19.2 (14.6–23.9) | 16.5 (13.5–19.4) | 52.7 (45.5–60.0) | |
| Missing | 49.8 (39.6–60.0) | 20.0 (15.8–24.1) | 10.7 (6.4–14.9) | 19.5 (11.8–27.3) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/partner | 36.9 (31.1–42.6) | 22.8 (20.5–25.2) | 12.1 (10.2–13.9) | 28.2 (23.9–32.5) | <.001 |
| Widowed/divorcedd | 27.1 (20.7–33.6) | 25.1 (20.1–30.1) | 15.0 (12.1–17.8) | 32.8 (25.1–40.5) | |
| Never married | 36.6 (28.5–44.7) | 14.4 (11.2–17.6) | 11.1 (7.2–15.0) | 37.9 (31.3–44.5) | |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Yes | 20.2 (15.6–24.7) | 24.2 (21.2–27.3) | 16.4 (14.2–18.6) | 39.2 (33.9–44.4) | <.001 |
| No | 52.2 (43.9–60.5) | 18.5 (15.4–21.7) | 7.9 (5.6–10.0) | 21.4 (16.2–26.7) | |
| Usual source of care | |||||
| Yes | 27.7 (23.1–32.3) | 23.2 (20.5–25.8) | 13.9 (11.8–16.0) | 35.2 (30.6–39.9) | <.001 |
| No | 51.0 (42.0–60.1) | 18.3 (15.2–21.3) | 9.1 (6.4–11.9) | 21.6 (15.7–27.4) | |
| Body mass indexe | |||||
| ˂25.0 kg/m2 | 39.4 (33.2–45.6) | 16.6 (13.6–19.5) | 12.4 (9.9–15.0) | 31.6 (25.2–38.0) | <.001 |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 40.2 (32.5–47.9) | 22.6 (19.4–25.7) | 11.5 (8.3–14.6) | 25.7 (21.1–30.3) | |
| ≥30.0 kg/m2 | 27.4 (22.9–31.9) | 23.6 (21.0–26.1) | 13.2 (10.9–15.5) | 35.8 (30.9–40.9) | |
| Total dietary calories (kcal)f | 2,134 (898) | 2,015 (1,075) | 2,131 (1,013) | 2,282 (1,131) | <.001 |
| Physically inactiveg | |||||
| Yes | 37.8 (31.7–43.9) | 25.5 (23.1–27.9) | 11.3 (9.1–13.4) | 25.4 (20.7–30.2) | <.001 |
| No | 31.3 (25.4–37.2) | 15.9 (12.9–18.9) | 14.0 (11.6–16.4) | 38.8 (33.3–44.2) | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Acculturation score represents the sum of the following: US-born (1 point) vs foreign-born (0 points); living in the United States for ≥20 years (1 point) vs <20 years (0 points); speaking English at home (1 point) vs Spanish (0 points). Participants who reported speaking “only Spanish” or “more Spanish than English” at home were classified as Spanish-speaking. All others were classified as English-speaking.
Weighted row percentages (95% confidence interval) at each acculturation score within strata of participant characteristics.
Expressed as the ratio of participants’ household income to the income at the federal poverty level. This variable was divided into equal quartiles for those with available data and included a separate stratum for those with missing data.
This category includes individuals who reported being separated.
Body mass index is determined by the following formula [(weight in kg)/(height in m)2] using participants’ measured weight and height.
Expressed as mean (standard deviation [SD]) of total dietary calories at each acculturation score. P value was <.006 using analysis of variance to examine the association of acculturation score with total dietary calories.
Individuals who reported doing no leisure-time physical activity were classified as being physically inactive.