Fig. 12.

$\mathrm{\beta }$-LEAF assay setup and clinical interpretation. (a) A simple assay setup in a microtiter plate is depicted. Multiple reactions can be set up simultaneously. Each reaction would include the biological specimen (containing bacteria), probe, and respective test antibiotic. Several antibiotics could be tested concurrently. These assays can be read using standard plate readers or with simple, low-cost readers designed for low-resource settings (bottom figure panel). (b) Flowchart of simple binary output results obtainable from the $\mathrm{\beta }$-LEAF assay. The “probe alone” assay gives a yes/no result of whether $\mathrm{\beta }$-lactamase is produced. Further, when the probe is assayed along with a test antibiotic, a yes/no answer for whether the antibiotic is usable or not is provided.