Table 2. Regression analysis of determinants of real SNF per diem rates, by year: 1979-86.
| Independent variables | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payment systems | ||||||||
| CONSTANT |
*12.72 (12.5) |
*11.77 (13.7) |
*12.71 (15.8) |
*14.21 (14.4) |
*16.14 (13.7) |
*16.49 (14.6) |
*16.67 (12.1) |
*16.15 (11.2) |
| PFS | 0.02 (0.0) |
0.77 (0.7) |
−0.11 (0.1) |
−1.45 (1.2) |
**−3.14 (2.3) |
**−3.09 (2.4) |
−2.69 (1.7) |
−1.65 (1.0) |
| PCL | −2.09 (1.0) |
−1.47 (0.9) |
−1.76 (1.1) |
**−3.92 (2.4) |
*−5.54 (3.2) |
*−6.02 (3.6) |
*−6.01 (3.1) |
*−5.27 (2.7) |
| COM | −0.56 (0.3) |
0.21 (0.1) |
−0.98 (0.7) |
−1.25 (0.9) |
**−3.04 (2.0) |
**−3.15 (2.1) |
−2.74 (1.6) |
−2.20 (1.3) |
| R2 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
| SAMPLE | 43 | 44 | 47 | 47 | 44 | 47 | 46 | 46 |
| Payment systems and State variables | ||||||||
| CONSTANT | 26.69 (1.1) |
*55.73 (2.8) |
38.62 (1.8) |
37.48 (1.7) |
32.84 (1.4) |
15.01 (0.7) |
3.79 (0.2) |
−0.85 (0.0) |
| PFS | 0.18 (0.1) |
1.03 (0.9) |
0.12 (0.1) |
−1.11 (0.9) |
**−3.02 (2.0) |
**−3.11 (2.3) |
−2.43 (1.5) |
−0.86 (0.5) |
| PCL | −0.67 (0.3) |
−1.01 (0.6) |
−1.6 (0.9) |
−3.01 (1.7) |
*−5.02 (2.7) |
*−5.17 (2.9) |
**−5.10 (2.2) |
**−4.46 (2.0) |
| COM | 0.06 (0.0) |
1.18 (0.8) |
−0.23 (0.2) |
−0.80 (0.5) |
−2.97 (1.8) |
**−2.97 (1.9) |
−2.35 (1.3) |
−1.49 (0.8) |
| POP65 | −0.59 (1.8) |
−0.03 (0.1) |
−0.16 (0.5) |
−0.14 (0.5) |
−0.03 (0.1) |
0.08 (0.3) |
0.00 (0.0) |
0.08 (0.3) |
| DRS |
**0.03 (1.9) |
**0.03 (2.5) |
0.03 (1.8) |
**0.03 (2.4) |
0.02 (1.3) |
0.01 (1.0) |
0.03 (1.5) |
0.02 (1.2) |
| HOSP | −0.05 (0.9) |
−0.03 (0.8) |
−0.02 (0.6) |
−0.05 (1.0) |
−0.02 (0.5) |
−0.03 (0.8) |
−0.03 (0.7) |
0.01 (0.2) |
| LIFEX | 0.03 (0.0) |
−2.29 (2.0) |
−0.99 (0.8) |
−0.98 (0.8) |
−0.65 (0.5) |
0.00 (0.0) |
0.78 (0.6) |
0.71 (0.6) |
| UNEMP | 0.86 (1.6) |
−0.25 (0.7) |
−0.28 (0.8) |
−0.22 (0.7) |
−0.26 (0.9) |
−0.09 (0.3) |
0.03 (0.1) |
−0.00 (0.0) |
| INCOME |
**−4.84 (1.9) |
−2.06 (1.3) |
−2.46 (1.5) |
−1.48 (0.9) |
−1.42 (0.7) |
0.55 (0.6) |
−0.66 (0.4) |
−0.23 (0.1) |
| R2 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.24 |
| SAMPLE | 43 | 44 | 44 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 |
*
Significant at 0.01 level.
**
Significant at 0.05 level.
NOTE: Absolute value of t-statistic in parentheses. SNF is skilled nursing facility.
SOURCE: (Swan, Harrington, and Grant, 1988); Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1980-1988 annual issues; American Medical Association, Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S., 1981-1988 annual issues; American Hospital Association, Hospital Statistics, 1980-1987 annual issues.