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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Neuropsychol. 2014;39(4):262–284. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2014.906602

Table 1.

Processing of semantic components in infancy.

Semantic Category Languages Studied Discrimination Categorization
Containment/Support Dutch, English, Korean Tight/Loose-fit: 5 mos
Containment: Unknown
Support: Unknown
Tight/Loose-fit: 9 mos
Containment: 6 mos
Support: 14 mos
Figure/Ground English, Japanese Figures: 11 mos
Grounds: 14 mos
Figures: Unknown
Grounds: 14 mos
Path/Manner English, Greek, Japanese, Mandarin, Spanish Path: 7 mos
Manner: 7 mos
Path: 10 mos
Manner: 13 mos
Source/Goal Arabic, Chinese, English Goal: 12 mos
Source: 12 mos*
Goal: 14 mos
Source: Unknown
Basic Causality Arabic, Chinese, English, German, Korean, Russian, Spanish 6 Months Unknown
Force Dynamics Arabic, English, German, Russian, Spanish Unknown Unknown
*

Note: Discrimination of sources required extra saliency cues at 12 months of age