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. 2014 Oct 10;5:528. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00528

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Copyright © 2014 Torto-Alalibo, Purwantini, Lomax, Setubal, Mukhopadhyay and Tyler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biosynthesis of isoprenoid-derived biofuels described with the Gene Ontology. Isoprenoids are synthesized from two isomeric 5-carbon unit compounds called IPP (isopentenyl pyrophosphate) and DMAPP (dimethyl-allyl pyrophosphate). Both isoprenoid precursors are formed from the mevalonate (MEV) or the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phpsphate (DXP) pathways. IPP and DMAP can be further converted to prenyl-pyrophosphates like geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via prenyltransferases. IPP and corresponding prenyl pyrophosphates have been exploited to produce desired biofuels (boxed) such as isopentenol, geraniol, and farnesol. Enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis are described with appropriate GO Molecular Function terms (colored in sky blue), the Biological Process terms are in tan color. Relevant references are in the text. Figure is based on information provided in Peralta-Yahya and Keasling (2010) and Yikmis and Steinbuchel (2012).