TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Cohort on the Basis of Achieved On-Treatment Systolic Pressure
| Group 1 <140 mm Hg (n = 4,787) | Group 2 140 to <150 mm Hg (n = 1,747) | Group 3 ≥150 mm Hg (n = 1,820) | All (n = 8,354) | p Value | Multiple PS Adjusted p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 70.1 ± 7.1 | 71.2 ± 7.1 | 71.6 ± 7.6 | 70.7 ± 7.3 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
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| Age >70 yrs | 45.1 | 52.4 | 53.1 | 48.3 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
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| Female | 53.5 | 57.0 | 59.6 | 55.6 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
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| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 49.8 | 59.2 | 56.6 | 53.2 | <0.0001 | 0.97 |
| African American | 8.4 | 12.8 | 19.0 | 11.6 | ||
| Hispanic | 39.6 | 24.3 | 21.9 | 32.5 | ||
| Other/multiracial | 2.2 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2.6 | ||
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| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 7.7 | 28.8 ± 5.3 | 28.7 ± 6.7 | 28.4 ± 7.1 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
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| SBP, mm Hg | 163.5 ± 12.6 | 165.7 ± 13.3 | 170.3 ± 16.0 | 165.4 ± 13.8 | <0.0001 | 0.95 |
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| DBP, mm Hg | 91.5 ± 10.7 | 88.3 ± 11.0 | 88.9 ± 11.9 | 90.2 ± 11.1 | <0.0001 | 0.95 |
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| Heart rate, beats/min | 75.8 ± 9.5 | 75.9 ± 9.8 | 75.5 ± 9.9 | 75.8 ± 9.7 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
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| Verapamil SR strategy | 50.9 | 49.7 | 47.5 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.99 |
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| Medical history | ||||||
| Diabetes* | 26.8 | 30.2 | 33.6 | 29.0 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Hypercholesterolemia* | 53.5 | 56.7 | 55.7 | 54.7 | 0.04 | 0.99 |
| Smoking (ever) | 42.7 | 42.6 | 43.2 | 42.8 | 0.92 | 0.99 |
| Myocardial infarction | 33.5 | 33.1 | 35.5 | 33.9 | 0.24 | 0.99 |
| Angina pectoris | 71.0 | 61.9 | 62.3 | 67.2 | <0.0001 | 0.98 |
| CABG or PCI | 23.7 | 30.7 | 30.3 | 26.6 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Stroke or TIA | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 0.004 | 0.99 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 27.3 | 21.6 | 25.8 | 25.8 | <0.0001 | 0.96 |
| Unstable angina | 10.8 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 11.6 | 0.04 | 0.99 |
| Arrhythmia | 7.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 0.78 | 0.99 |
| Heart failure (class I to III) | 5.9 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 0.01 | 0.95 |
| PVD | 12.2 | 10.8 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 0.02 | 0.98 |
| Renal impairment† | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 2.2 | <0.0001 | 0.96 |
| Cancer‡ | 3.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Well-being | ||||||
| Excellent | 6.7 | 8.4 | 6.1 | 7.0 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Good | 58.8 | 62.8 | 58.7 | 59.6 | ||
| Fair | 31.3 | 26.3 | 31.3 | 30.2 | ||
| Poor | 3.1 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 3.1 | ||
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| Baseline medications | ||||||
| Lipid-lowering agent | 34.8 | 36.3 | 32.9 | 34.7 | 0.09 | 0.99 |
| Nitrate | 41.9 | 31.5 | 29.8 | 37.1 | <0.0001 | 0.98 |
| Aspirin or other antiplatelet agent | 59.5 | 60.2 | 54.9 | 58.7 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
| Other NSAIDs | 14.7 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 15.6 | 0.03 | 1.00 |
| Potassium supplement | 4.9 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 6.8 | <0.0001 | 0.97 |
| Antidiabetic medication§ | 21.0 | 23.2 | 26.0 | 22.5 | <0.0001 | 0.99 |
| Hormone replacement | 6.7 | 8.4 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 0.001 | 0.99 |
Values are mean ± SD or %.
*
History of or currently taking antidiabetic or lipid-lowering medications.
†
History of or currently have elevated serum creatinine level but <4 mg/dl.
‡
Patients with history of skin, prostate, and other cancers with long survival expectancy were not excluded.
§
Insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agent.
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PS = propensity score; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SR = sustained release; TIA = transient ischemic attack.