Table 3.
Correlations Between Neuropsychological Test Performance and Psychiatric Symptoms and Social and Role Functioning at Baseline and 12-Month Follow-up
| SIPS- Positive Symptoms Total | SIPS- Disorganized Symptoms Total | SIPS- Negative Symptoms Total | SIPS Social Anhedonia or Withdrawal | SIPS Avolition | SIPS Decreased Expression of Emotions | SIPS Decreased Experience of Emotions and Self | SIPS Decreased Ideational Richness | SIPS Deterioration in Role Functioning | GF: Social (BL) | GF: Social (FU) | GF: Role (BL) | GF: Role (FU) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vocabulary ScS | −.07 | −.18* | −.21** | −.10 | −.003 | −.10 | −.07 | −.41*** | −.24** | .27*** | .21* | .26** | .37* |
| Block Design ScS | .09 | −.07 | −.15 | −.08 | −.05 | −.09 | −.05 | −.22** | −.12 | .18* | .07 | .11 | .05 |
| Digit Symbol/ Coding ScS | .17* | −.15 | −.34*** | −.28*** | −.18* | −.24** | −.03 | −.21** | −.38*** | .34*** | .36*** | .31*** | .26* |
| TMT-B (s) | .09 | −.07 | −.21** | −.06 | −.19* | −.13 | .05 | −.27** | −.27** | .20* | .22* | .27** | .22* |
| CPT-IP Digits d’ | .11 | −.21* | −.32*** | −.16 | −.23** | −.14 | −.10 | −.23* | −.35*** | .25** | .26* | .24** | .38** |
| COWA Raw Score | .04 | −.22** | −.24** | −.08 | −.14 | −.19* | .02 | −.24** | −.32*** | .25** | .11 | .21** | .12 |
| WCST persev. errors | .08 | −.19* | −.33*** | −.19* | −.20* | −.23** | −.07 | −.33*** | −.32*** | .24** | .33** | .28*** | .27** |
| Verbal Memory | .01 | −.14 | −.30*** | −.15 | −.10 | −.10 | −.10 | −.45*** | −.25** | .29*** | .25* | .19* | .32** |
| Composite score | .09 | −.21** | −.37*** | −.19* | −.20* | −.22** | −.06 | −.43*** | −.39*** | .35*** | .32** | .33*** | .36*** |
| GF: Social (BL) | −.15 | −.46*** | −.56*** | −.63*** | −.25** | −.42*** | −.09 | −.39*** | −.40*** | — | .69*** | .41*** | .54*** |
| GF: Social (FU) | .09 | −.42*** | −.56*** | −.69*** | −.35*** | −.33** | −.06 | −.29** | −.49*** | .69*** | — | .40*** | .66*** |
| GF: Role (BL) | −.08 | −.40*** | −.54*** | −.34*** | −.37*** | −.35*** | −.16* | −.18* | −.70*** | .41*** | .40*** | — | .50*** |
| GF: Role (FU) | −.04 | −.28** | −.46*** | −.43*** | −.30** | −.19 | −.14 | −.25* | −.45*** | .54*** | .66*** | .50*** | — |
Note: BL, baseline; FU, follow-up; SIPS symptom totals, Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms total symptom severity; GF: Social, Global Social Functioning Scale; GF: Role, Global Role Functioning Scale; Wechsler subtests (Vocabulary, Block Design, Digit Symbol/Coding) are (age corrected) scaled scores (ScS); TMT-B, Trail Making Test “B” in seconds (reverse scored so that higher scores indicate better performance); CPT-IP Digits d’ is the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (digits) signal detection measure of discriminability; COWA (Controlled Oral Word Association test) is a raw score (total words generated); WCST persev. errors is a raw score on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test perseverative errors (reverse scored so that higher scores indicate better performance); Verbal Memory is a composite of (1) List Learning: Percentage correct across trials on Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, or California Verbal Learning Test (adult and child versions) and standardized against a normal control group and (2) Story Recall: percentage of units recalled on immediate recall condition for Children’s Memory Stories, Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third revision - Logical Memory I and standardized against a normal control group; composite score is the mean standardized score of the 8 measures standardized against a normal control group; proportion of missing data by test is: WCST perseverative errors (30.8% missing), CPT-IP Digits d’ (14.8%), Verbal Memory (4.0%), Coding (2.8%), TMT-B (2.5%), Vocabulary (2.2%), Block Design (1.5%), and COWA (0%).
*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.