Table 4.

Comparisons of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Self-efficacy in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Means and SDs

Attitudinal Beliefs	First-Episode	Chronic		t(df) = P Value
	Current Study (n = 71)	Horan et al., 2010 (n = 111)	Cardenas et al., 2012 (n = 97)
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Factors
DNAS	35.39 (9.53)	30.7 (12.1)	—	t(180) = 2.76, P < .01
DPAS	46.57 (16.52)	51.2 (18.0)	—	t(180) = −1.75, P = .08
Self-efficacy	74.12 (18.3)	—	61.0 (14.1)	t(166) = 5.25, P < .01

Note: DNAS, Dysfunctional Need for Acceptance Subscale; DPAS, Defeatist Performance Attitudes Subscale.