Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics for Health Comparison Subjects and Probands with Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder
| Schizophrenia Groupa (n = 57) | Schizoaffective Groupb (n = 34) | Psychotic Bipolar Groupc (n = 75) | Healthy Comparison Groupd (n = 66) | Post Hoce | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Age (y) | 35.31 (12.92) | 37.50 (14.12) | 32.97 (13.61) | 37.18 (12.65) | — |
| Education (y) | 12.86 (2.49) | 13.67 (2.89) | 14.11 (2.58) | 15.36 (2.44) | d > a, b, c; c > a |
| WRAT | 94.24 (15.67) | 100.00 (16.63) | 103.93 (15.09) | 103.33 (12.37) | b, c, d > a |
| BACS composite | −1.39 (1.42) | −1.11 (1.20) | −0.77 (1.31) | 0.14 (1.14) | d > a, b, c; c > a |
| PENN ER-40 (% correct) | 76.75 (11.43) | 79.77 (9.85) | 80.25 (8.46) | 82.64 (7.37) | d, c > a |
| SFS | 126.07 (19.74) | 125.53 (19.81) | 140.05 (20.21) | 162.57 (14.65) | d > a, b, c; c > a, b |
| PANSS | |||||
| Positive subscale | 19.41 (5.66) | 19.59 (4.71) | 12.84 (3.89) | — | a, b > c |
| Negative subscale | 20.21 (7.02) | 17.38 (6.60) | 13.68 (4.53) | — | a, b > c |
| YMRS | 7.86 (6.48) | 8.26 (5.57) | 5.62 (6.21) | — | a, b > c |
| MADRS | 9.80 (7.26) | 15.32 (9.85) | 10.83 (9.31) | — | b > a, c |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Male | 35 (61) | 15 (44) | 24 (32) | 28 (42) | a > b, c, d |
| Race | |||||
| Caucasian | 25 (44) | 18 (53) | 58 (77) | 37 (56) | c > a, b, d |
| African American | 24 (42) | 15 (44) | 11 (15) | 18 (27) | a, b > c, d |
| Other | 8 (14) | 1 (3) | 6 (8) | 11 (17) | d > b |
| Blood draw ≤ noon | 49 (86) | 32 (94) | 67 (89) | 63 (95) | — |
| Medication classf | |||||
| Antipsychotic | |||||
| First generation | 12 (21) | 5 (15) | 3 (4) | — | a, b > c |
| Second generation | 43 (75) | 25 (73) | 51 (68) | — | — |
| Anticonvulsant/ mood stabilizer | 10 (17) | 22 (65) | 53 (71) | — | b, c > a |
| Lithium | — | 2 (6) | 22 (29) | — | c > a, b |
| Valproic acid | 6 (10) | 7 (20) | 13 (17) | — | — |
| Antidepressant | 20 (35) | 21 (62) | 35 (47) | — | b, c > a |
| Sedative/anxiolytic | 15 (26) | 13 (38) | 22 (29) | — | — |
| Stimulant | 5 (9) | 2 (6) | 11 (15) | — | — |
| Anticholinergic | 5 (9) | 1 (3) | 4 (5) | — | — |
Note: WRAT, Wide-Range Achievement Test-IV: reading test; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia race-adjusted composite (higher = better functioning); PENN-ER-40, Penn Emotion Recognition-40 test; SFS, Social Functioning scale (higher = better functioning); PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome scale; YMRS, Young Mania Rating scale; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating scale.
a, b, c and d—all differences noted are at P < .05.
ePost hoc tests were computed when the omnibus F test was significant at P < .05.