Table 2.

Effects of Concomitant Drugs on Body Weight (kg), Results of 40 Studies, and Meta-analyses of 19 Interventions

Concomitant Drug/Study	n, Analyzed		Mean ± SD Change at Endpoint (kg)		Mean Difference (95% CI) (kg)	I 2 (%)
Author (Year)	Active Drug	Placebo	Active Drug	Placebo
Amantadine (N = 2)
Deberdt et al (2005) 11	59	64	−0.19±4.58	1.28±4.26	−2.27 (−4.76, 0.23)	40
Graham et al (2005) 12	12	9	−0.4±3.5	3.9±5.3
Aripiprazole (N = 3)
Henderson et al (2009) 13	15	15	−1.3±2.1	1.0±1.5	−2.13 (−2.87, −1.39)	0
Fleischhacker et al (2010) 14	107	99	−2.53±3.9 a	−0.38±3.9 a
Fan et al (2013) 15	16	14	−1.5±2.3	0.3±2.3
Atomoxetine (N = 1)
Ball et al (2011) 16	19	17	−1.7±6.1b	−2.1±5.8b	—	—
D-Fenfluramine (N = 1)
Goodall et al (1988) 17	9	7	−5.4±3.4	−2.8±1.65	—	—
Dextroamphetamine (N = 1)
Modell et al (1965) 18	10	10	0.9±4.3	0.1±2.3	—	—
Famotidine (N = 1)
Poyurovsky et al (2004) 19	7	7	4.8±3.2	4.9±1.6	—	—
Fluoxetine (N = 2)
Poyurovsky et al (2002) 20	15	15	6.1±5.3	5.9±4.6	0.75 (−1.76, 3.26)	0
Bustillo et al (2003) 21	15	15	3.0±5.3c	1.7±4.6c
Intranasal Insulin (N = 1)
Li et al (2013) 22	18	21	0.8±1.9	−2.8±9.6	—	—
Metformin (N = 10)
Baptista et al (2006) 23	19	18	5.5±3.3d	6.3±2.3d	−3.17 (−4.44, −1.90)	88
Baptista et al (2007) 24	36	36	−1.40±3.2	−0.18±2.8
Arman et al (2008) 25	16	16	0.81±0.33	2.2±2.54
Wu et al (2008) lifestyle [+] 26	32	32	−4.7±3.2 e	−1.4±1.8 e
Wu et al (2008) lifestyle [−] 26	32	32	−3.2±1.9 e	3.1±1.9 e
Wu et al (2008) 27	18	19	1.9±2.72	6.87±4.23
Carrizo et al (2009) 28	24	30	−1.87±2.9	0.16±2.9
Wang et al (2012) 29	32	34	−3.3±3.9 c	2.5±4.0 c
Wu et al (2012) 30	42	42	−2.37±6.1 f	2.15±6.1 f
Chen et al (2013) 31	28	27	−3.2±3.1	−0.2±2.1
Jarskog et al (2013) 32	75	71	−3.0±4.3 e	−1.0±4.2 e
Metformin-sibutramine combination (N = 1)
Baptista et al (2008) 33	13	15	−2.8±3.2	−1.4±2.6	—	—
Nizatidine (N = 4)
Atmaca et al (2003) 35	17	17	−4.5±2.2	2.3±0.9	−2.03 (−4.53, 0.47)	97
Cavazzoni et al (2003) 36 ; 600 mg	57	56	3.29±5.33	4.18±4.33
Cavazzoni et al (2003) 36 ; 300 mg	56	56	3.56±4.95	4.18±4.33
Atmaca et al (2004) 37	14	14	−1.0±0.6	1.2±1.2
Assunção et al (2006) 38	27	27	1.1±0.6g	0.7±1.2g
Orlistat (N = 1)
Joffe et al (2008) 39	31	32	−1.25±4.33	0.44±3.73	—	—
Phenylpropanolamine (N = 1)
Borovicka et al (2002) 40	8	8	1.36±21.8h	1.36±16.6h	—	—
Reboxetine (N = 2)
Poyurovsky et al (2003) 41	10	10	2.45±2.72	5.45±3.09	−1.90 (−3.07, −0.72)	0
Poyurovsky et al (2007) 42	31	28	3.31±2.73	4.91±2.45
Reboxetine-betahistine combination (N = 1)
Poyurovsky et al (2013) 4	29	14	2.02±2.37	4.77±3.16	—	—
Rosiglitazone (N = 2)
Baptista et al (2009) 43	14	15	3.2±4.5	2.2±2.3	0.26 (−1.83, 2.35)	0
Henderson et al (2009) 44	8	10	−0.5±4.5i	0.5±2.3i
Sibutramine (N = 3)
Henderson et al (2005) 45	19	18	−3.8±1.1	−0.8±0.7	−2.86 (−4.72, −1.01)	49
Henderson et al (2007) 46	10	8	−1.9±3.0b	−0.5±2.2b
Biedermann (in press) 50	5	6	−6.1±6.7	1.9±3.5
Topiramate (N = 2)
Ko et al (2005) 47 ; 200 mg	17	20	−5.45±13.1 j	−0.3±13.1 j	−5.20 (−9.55, −0.84)	0
Ko et al (2005) 47 ; 100 mg	16	20	−1.68±13.1j	−0.3±13.1j
Narula et al (2010) 49	33	34	−1.27±13.1 f	6.03±13.1 f
Zonisamide (N = 1)
Ghanizadeh et al (2013) 5	21	20	−1.1±1.4	1.9±2.2	—	—

Notes: Statistically significant effects compared to placebo are shown in bold.

SD values were supplemented using the following methods:

^aCalculated from 95% CIs of mean group difference.

^bCalculated from SEs of within group difference.

^cImputed from Poyurovsky et al (2002) ²⁰ .

^dAdditional data were provided by the authors.

^eCalculated from 95% CIs of within group difference.

^fCalculated from t values of between group difference.

^gImputed from Atmaca et al (2004) ³⁷ .

^hCalculated from SEs measured in figures.

ⁱImputed from Baptista et al (2009) ⁴³ .

^jImputed from Narula et al (2010) ⁴⁹ .