Figure 5. Prorenin increases TNFα levels in N-9 microglial cells.

N-9 cells were treated with control medium or prorenin (20 nmol/L) for 6 hr, followed by analysis of TNFα-positive cells using flow cytometry (A–C) and released TNFα by ELISA assay (D). FSC: forward scatter. Data are means ± SEM from n = 3 experiments. * P<0.05 vs. control.