Table 1.
Group Differences in Study Variables
| Exposure Group | Non-Cocaine | Cocaine | F-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| BM age | 27.7 | 5.6 | 31.0 | 6.0 | 16.5** |
| BM parity | 3.2 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 12.02** |
| Years education | 12.0 | 1.9 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 2.12 |
| Maternal Occupational Status |
3.4 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 7.9** |
| Prenatal Substance Use | |||||
| Cigarettes/week | 12.9 | 25.8 | 37.2 | 43.7 | 23.6** |
| Drinks/week | 0.2 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 11.4 | 9.9** |
| Joints/week | 1.5 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 0.04 |
| Days cocaine/week | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 1.6 | |
| Postnatal Substance Use | |||||
| Cigarettes/week | 14.6 | 28.9 | 26.6 | 36.6 | 7.1** |
| Drinks/week | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 3.8* |
| Joints/week | 0.6 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 1.1 |
| Days cocaine/week | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Postnatal Outcomes | |||||
| % Exposed to Violence | 32 | 39 | |||
| Maternal Sensitivity | 3.8 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 1.8 |
| Maternal Harshness | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 3.9* |
| Child Behavior Problems | 27.3 | 22.6 | 27.0 | 23.9 | 0.2 |
Note. BM = biological mother; Maternal Occupational status was measured using the Hollingshead Occupational Scale (Hollingshead, 1975); Child Behavior Problems were the raw scores obtained from the CBCL.
*
p<.05.
**
p<.01