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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Cancer. 2014 Sep 6;50(16):2866–2876. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.08.011

Figure 6. Genomic and nongenomic signal transduction pathways in tamoxifen resistant model.

Figure 6

E2 and TAM exert differential functions on nuclear ER. E2 activates classical ER-target genes but TAM acts to block gene activation. Both E2 and TAM increases the non-genomic activity of ER through membrane-associated molecules such as c-Src, IGF-1Rβ, and FAK to enhance downstream signaling cascades.