Table 3.
Relationship of BMI status at Year-0 and Year-25 with Year-25 LV Structural and Functional Indices.
: β-coefficients represent the difference between the group listed and the Low-Low group after adjustment for co-variates structural and functional Indices
| Conventional/STE Parameters | High-High (n=671) | Low-High (n=1,344) | High-Low (n=22) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural indices | n | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) |
|
| ||||
| LV end-diastolic volume/height, ml/m | 3,024 | 10.61 (0.82)§ | 5.54 (0.63)§ | 2.52 (3.05) |
| LV end-systolic volume/height, ml/m | 3,023 | 4.80 (0.54)§ | 2.01 (0.41)§ | 2.16 (2.01) |
| LV stroke volume/height, ml/m | 3,023 | 5.78 (0.48)§ | 3.52 (0.36)§ | 0.32 (1.78) |
| LV mass/height, g/m | 2,935 | 26.11 (1.40)§ | 11.87 (1.06)§ | 15.52 (5.21)‡ |
| LV mass/LV end-diastolic volume ratio* | 2,763 | 19.1 (3.00)§ | 9.60 (2.20)§ | 14.0 (10.6) |
|
| ||||
| Systolic functional indices | n | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) |
|
| ||||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 3,023 | -0.63 (0.41) | 0.30 (0.32) | -1.12 (1.53) |
| Ell, % | 2,855 | 0.67 (0.134)§ | 0.35 (0.102)§ | -0.24 (0.510) |
| Ecc, % | 2,914 | 0.50 (0.165)‡ | 0.06 (0.125) | 0.53 (0.657) |
|
| ||||
| Diastolic functional indices | n | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) | β-coefficients (SE) |
|
| ||||
| E/A ratio | 3,214 | -0.12 (0.018)§ | -0.07 (0.014)§ | -0.10 (0.071) |
| e′, cm/s | 3,202 | -0.74 (0.114)§ | -0.45 (0.088)§ | -0.70 (0.450) |
| E/e′ ratio | 3,178 | 0.64 (0.117)§ | 0.43 (0.091)§ | 1.16 (0.462)† |
| Left atrium volume/height, ml/m | 3,226 | 7.78 (0.46)§ | 4.11 (0.36)§ | 2.12 (1.78) |
| Ell_SRe, sec-1 | 2,843 | -0.03 (0.014) | -0.008 (0.011) | -0.03 (0.055) |
| Ecc_SRe, sec-1 | 2,909 | -0.06 (0.019)‡ | -0.02 (0.015) | -0.100 (0.076) |
LV mass/LV end-diastolic volume ratio was multiplied by 100.
p < 0.05;
p < 0.01;
p < 0.001: vs. Low- Low (n = 1,228) as the reference among four BMI groups.
LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LV stroke volume, Left atrium volume, and LV mass were indexed to body height (m).
High-High = Year-0 BMI ≥ 27 and Year-25BMI ≥ 27; High-Low = Year-0 BMI ≥ 27 and Year-25BMI < 27; Low-High = Year-0 BMI < 27 and Year-25BMI ≥ 27.
Model: Categorical BMI groups were included as covariates and were adjusted for baseline age, sex, race + both Year-0 and 25 year change in diabetes, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, total-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol consumption/day, activity level, use of anti-hypertensive medication, educational level, and number of cigarettes/day.
BMI = body mass index; e′ = peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; E/A= early to late peak diastolic mitral flow velocity ratio; E/e′ = ratio of early peak diastolic mitral velocity/peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; Ell = longitudinal peak systolic strain; Ecc = circumferential peak systolic strain; Ell_SRe = longitudinal peak early diastolic strain rate; Ecc_SRe = circumferential peak early diastolic strain rate; LV = left ventricular; SE = standard error; STE = speckle tracking echocardiography.