Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 13,150 ARIC participants free from prevalent heart failure according to category of ankle brachial index.
| Ankle Brachial Index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 0.90 N=513 (3.9%) |
0.91–1.00 N=1,656 (12.6%) |
1.01–1.40 N=10,664 (81.1%) |
>1.40 N=317 (2.4%) |
P-trend | |
| ABI | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 1.44 (1.42–1.49) | |
| Age, yrs | 56 (50–61) | 54 (49–59) | 54 (49–59) | 56 (50–60) | 0.18 |
| Sex, Female | 354 (69.0) | 1170 (70.7) | 5547 (52.0) | 132 (41.6) | <0.001 |
| African American | 156 (30.4) | 428 (25.9) | 2714 (25.5) | 54 (17.0) | 0.005 |
| CHD | 30 (5.8) | 75 (4.5) | 393 (3.7) | 21 (6.6) | 0.15 |
| Carotid plaque* | 194 (48.5) | 488 (38.8) | 2767 (33.4) | 79 (34) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 228 (44.4) | 581 (35.1) | 3317 (31.1) | 93 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 74 (14.4) | 187 (11.3) | 1079 (10.2) | 38 (10.0) | 0.025 |
| Obese | 142 (27.7) | 493 (29.8) | 2688 (25.2) | 88 (27.8) | 0.001 |
| CKD | 31 (6.0) | 52 (3.1) | 251 (2.4) | 12 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Claudication | 26 (5.1) | 12 (0.7) | 51 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, ever | 336 (65.5) | 963 (58.2) | 6149 (57.7) | 176 (55.5) | 0.020 |
| Alcohol, current | 263 (51.3) | 923 (55.7) | 6147 (57.6) | 168 (53.0) | 0.059 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 (23.6–30.5) | 26.8 (23.8–31.0) | 26.7 (23.9–30.0) | 27.8 (25.3–31.0) | 0.84 |
| SBP, mmHg | 122 (110–136) | 120 (108–133) | 118 (108–130) | 117 (108–127) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 71 (64–79) | 72 (65–80) | 73 (66–80) | 72 (65–78) | 0.020 |
| MAP, mmHg | 88 (81–97) | 88 (80–97) | 88 (81–96) | 87 (80–94) | 0.19 |
| PP, mmHg | 50 (41–62) | 47 (39–57) | 44 (38–53) | 45 (37–53) | <0.001 |
| Heart Rate, bpm | 68 (61–75) | 68 (61–75) | 65 (59–72) | 63 (58–70) | <0.001 |
| LVH (Cornell) | 18 (3.5) | 30 (1.8) | 204 (1.9) | 7 (2.2) | 0.37 |
| QRS dur, msec | 94 (88–102) | 95 (89–101) | 96 (90–103) | 99 (92–105) | <0.001 |
| Hgb, g/dL | 13.7 (12.8–14.5) | 13.7 (12.8–14.6) | 13.9 (12.9–14.9) | 14.2 (13.2–15.1) | <0.001 |
| WBC | 6.3 (5.1–7.7) | 6.0 (5.0–7.3) | 5.7 (4.8–6.9) | 5.7 (4.7–7.0) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 100 (93–109) | 99 (93–107) | 99 (92–107) | 98 (93–107) | 0.12 |
| eGFR | 88 (76–102) | 88 (78–102) | 89 (79–102) | 87 (77–100) | 0.47 |
| LDL-c, mg/dL | 143 (120–172) | 135 (112–162) | 135 (111–160) | 135 (109–164) | 0.001 |
| HDL-c, mg/dL | 50 (39–63) | 51 (40–64) | 49 (39–61) | 46 (38–57) | <0.001 |
| Trig, mg/dL | 117 (82–164) | 108 (79–151) | 107 (77–151) | 116 (81–169) | 0.11 |
Values presented are counts (percentages) or median (interquartile range) for categorical and continuous data, respectively. CHD = coronary heart disease; Obese defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; CKD = chronic kidney disease, defined as a eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PP = pulse pressure; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; Hgb = hemoglobin; WBC = white blood cell count; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2); LDL-c = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Trig = triglycerides.
Carotid ultrasound to identify atherosclerotic plaque was available in 10,183 participants.