. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Genet. 2014 Aug 13;44(5):456–467. doi: 10.1007/s10519-014-9668-4

Appendix Table 3.

ACMPE best-fitting model results [parameter estimate (standard error)]

	Within SDP					Within outcome					Between phenotypes
	a_s	c_s	m_s	p_s	e_s	a_o	c_o	m_o	p_o	e_o	r_A	r_C	r_M	r_P	r_E
Birth weight	0.823 (0.003)	0.262 (0.003)	0.213 (0.003)	0.354 (0.003)	0.288	0.394 (0.003)	0.207 (0.003)	0.147 (0.001)	0.035 (0.003)	0.300 (0.003)	−0.046 (0.003)	−0.773 (0.001)	−0.679 (0.003)	−1.000 (0.005)	−0.244 (0.001)

Preterm birth^a	0.828 (0.008)	0.183 (0.015)	0.202 (0.017)	0.394 (0.003)	0.290	0.514 (1.314)	0.494 (0.003)	0.277 (0.002)	0	0.644	0.045 (0.131)	0.212 (0.170)	0.385 (0.248)	0	0.048 (0.012)

Born small for gestational age^a	0.828 (0.008)	0.183 (0.015)	0.202 (0.017)	0.394 (0.003)	0.290	0.660 (0.006)	0.396 (0.004)	0.270 (0.005)	0	0.578	0.536 (1.321)	1.000 (1.414)	−0.138 (3.247)	0	0.172 (0.706)

Low academic achievement^b	0.810	0.344	0.267	0.296	0.258	0.893	0.154	0.366	0.105	0.185	0.598	0	0.623	0.494	−0.018

General cognitive ability	0.820 (0.047)	0.283 (0.071)	0.295 (0.070)	0.289 (0.027)	0.278	1.114 (0.026)	0.825 (0.020)	0	0	1.228 (0.014)	−0.555 (0.048)	−0.301 (0.093)	0	0	−0.034 (0.020)

Criminality	0.808 (0.006)	0.344 (0.006)	0.282 (0.006)	0.293 (0.006)	0.254	0.585 (0.006)	0.192 (0.006)	0.227 (0.020)	0	0.755	1.000 (0.002)	−0.687 (0.017)	0	0	−0.001 (0.013)

Violent criminality	0.802 (0.028)	0.349 (0.030)	0.286 (0.036)	0.297 (0.010)	0.255	0.899 (0.018)	0	0	0	0.438	0.691 (0.027)	0	0	0	0.026 (0.019)

Drug misuse	0.850 (0.005)	0.290 (0.005)	0.229 (0.005)	0.281 (0.005)	0.249	0.730 (0.005)	0	0	0	0.683	0.635 (0.005)	0	0	0	−0.002 (0.005)

Abbreviations: SDP, maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Note: Standard errors may be misleading due to constraints put on the optimizer when fitting the model. The e-parameters for binary phenotypes are defined as remaining variance after estimation of other parameters and are therefore void of standard errors. All values significant, on a 5%-level, except when a “0” is stated, where they are non-significant in a likelihood ratio test and have been removed from model. e-parameters are not subject to significance tests. r_E is included in final model regardless of significance.

Due to computational issues the model was fitted in three steps; first SDP and outcome were fitted separately, then the results from model fitting were used in the cross-phenotype analyses.

No valid standard errors could be obtained from the optimization.