Table 3.
Description of the major elements of sub-projects within the health, social, and environmental research components
| NCCR research project component | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Health | Social | Environmental | |
| Degree (number of students), discipline | PhD (1), Epidemiology | MPH (1) | MPH (1) | MSc (1), Environmental Engineering & Management |
| Title | Health risks of wastewater & excreta reuse in agriculture & aquaculture in northern Vietnam | QMRA1 of exposure to wastewater & excreta in agriculture in Hà Nam, Vietnam | Assessment of human behaviors of reusing wastewater & excreta in agriculture based on PMT2 Framework | Assessing nutrient flows by MFA3 in Hà Nam, Vietnam |
| Objective(s) | Determine prevalence of infections of helminths, E. histolytica, C. parvum, G. lamblia, & Cyclospora, incidence & risk factors of diarrheal disease | Assess exposure to wastewater & excreta in agriculture & determine the risk of infection by C. parvum, G. lamblia | Examine perception & behavior related to the use of wastewater & excreta (health risk, coping appraisal, intention to act) based on PMT, develop a questionnaire to assess this, validate the questionnaire | Quantify nutrient (N4 & P5) flows in an agricultural & environmental sanitation system, develop scenarios to reduce the N or P discharge into the environment at all critical control points |
| Data collection dates | June – October 2008, April – June 2009, August – July 2010 | October 2008 – October 2009 | October 2008 – October 2009 | August 2008 –January 2009 |
| Methodologies | Epidemiology Microbiology, Parasitology | QMRA Microbiology, Parasitology | PMT | MFA |
| Data sources & collection methods | Household surveys, human feces sampling | Wastewater sampling | Qualitative: in-depth interview, focus group discussions with farmers, field observation, quantitative surveys | Annual reports, primary research studies, working group papers, statistical records, maps, field observation, key informant/expert interviews, household surveys |
1QMRA: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment; 2PMT: Protection Motivation Theory; 3MFA: Material Flow Analysis; 4 N: nitrogen; 5P: phosphorous.