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. 1999 Summer;20(4):25–43.

Table 2. Percent Change in Health Risk Among Treatment- and Control-Group Participants at 24-Month Followup.

Risk Area Percent in Both Groups at Risk (Baseline) Treatment Group (n = 1,211) Control Group (n = 1,234) Trend Test
Decline1 No Change Improve2 Decline1 No Change Improve2 z-value3 p-value4
At Risk Not at Risk At Risk Not at Risk
Percent
Behavior
Physical Activity 60.9 13 35 26 27 13 38 28 21 2.45 0.020
Dietary Fat and Fiber5 58.8 11 41 29 19 12 42 30 17 0.08 0.398
Advance Directives6 66.5 2 33 30 35 4 48 30 18 10.40 0.000
Breast Self-Exam 72.7 11 51 17 21 10 56 17 17 1.50 0.130
Smoking 9.2 1 6 91 2 1 6 90 3 -2.00 0.399
Alcohol 16.3 3 10 81 6 4 9 81 7 -0.06 0.398
Seat Belts 26.4 3 16 71 10 3 16 69 12 -0.08 0.398
Physical and Mental Status
Hearing 12.6 4 10 84 2 3 10 84 2 -0.10 0.397
Vision 22.2 11 13 67 9 11 12 69 8 -0.01 0.399
Sleep 30.3 12 18 59 11 13 21 57 10 1.63 0.106
Incontinence 34.1 9 23 57 11 9 24 58 9 1.14 0.208
Depression 26.0 12 15 62 11 14 14 62 11 0.04 0.399
Body Mass Index 26.9 5 23 69 3 5 24 67 4 0.69 0.314
Flu Shot 34.3 2 19 62 17 3 19 66 12 2.09 0.045
Medications 65.0 9 51 27 13 11 49 25 15 0.00 0.399
Life Events/Stress 7.1 6 2 86 6 6 1 89 4 0.40 0.368
Environment
Home Safety7 22.0 9 14 71 6 10 16 70 5 1.89 0.067
1

Decline means participant was not at risk at baseline but was at risk at followup.

2

Improve means participant was at risk at baseline but was not at risk at followup.

3

Test.

4

A 2 × 4 chi-square test for association.

5

t-test results indicate the intervention group reduced dietary fat more than the control group (p < 0.005).

6

Decline in advance directives means participants reported having an advance directive at baseline but not at followup.

7

Only among those in treatment group at baseline.

SOURCE: Patrick et al., Seattle, Washington, 1999.