Table 3. Factors Associated With Children's Likelihood of a Primary Care Visit¹ Over the PCCM Implementation Period: 1994-1999.

	Sample States
	Alabama		Georgia
Description	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Intervals	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Intervals
PCCM
County Included This Quarter	***0.88	0.86, 0.89	***0.91	0.90, 0.93
County's First Quarter of PCCM	**1.07	1.03, 1.12	***1.11	1.08, 1.14
Provider Availability
Distance to Hospital	***1.02	1.01, 1.03	1.00	0.99, 1.01
Distance to Hospital Squared	***0.99	0.99, 0.99	1.00	1.00, 1.00
Distance to Community Health Center	0.98	0.99, 1.00	1.00	1.00, 1.00
Distance to Community Health Center Squared	**1.00	1.00, 1.00	1.00	1.00, 1.00
Distance to High Volume Office MD	*0.99	0.98, 1.00	1.00	0.98, 1.01
Distance to High Volume Office Squared	*1.00	1.00, 1.00	1.00	1.00, 1.00
Presence Low Volume Office MD	1.03	1.00, 1.06	0.99	0.96, 1.01
Presence Low Volume Hospital MD	0.98	0.95, 1.01	1.02	1.00, 1.04
Presence Health Department	0.98	0.94, 1.02	0.98	0.94, 1.02
Presence High Volume Hospital MD	1.00	0.96, 1.03	*1.05	1.02, 1.07
Ratio High Volume Office MD to Enrollees	***1.01	1.01, 1.02	*1.00	1.00, 1.00
Enrollment
First Quarter of Enrollment	***0.52	0.50, 0.54	***0.44	0.42, 0.46
Number Months Enrolled	***0.99	0.98, 0.99	***0.99	0.99, 0.99

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.

¹Fixed effects logistic regression, controlling for urban residence and eligibility category (where these varied for individuals over time), and controlling for child's age, population size, percent of individuals with incomes < $15,000, Black, population under age 18, in the residential ZIP Code, and time period.

NOTES: PCCM is primary care case management. MD is medical doctor.

SOURCE: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Medicaid enrollment, claims, and census data, 1994-1999.