Table 3. Sample Characteristics for Outcomes, Treatment, Continuous Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), and Voluntary Return to Fee-for-Service (FFS) Samples: 1998.
| Characteristic | Forced Withdrawal Return to FFS | Continuous HMO | Voluntary Return to FFS |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Percent | |||
| Physician Visits | |||
| Beneficiary Probability of Any Visit | 0.817 | 0.779 (3.41) |
0.867 -(3.40) |
| Beneficiary Average Visits | 4.10 | 3.259 (6.40) |
4.693 -(2.11) |
| Inpatient Stays | |||
| Beneficiary Probability of Any Stay | 0.154 | 0.137 (1.82) |
0.177 -(2.04) |
| Beneficiary Average Stays | 0.258 | 0.221 (1.98) |
0.324 -(1.52) |
| Emergency Room Visits | |||
| Beneficiary Probability of Any Visit | 0.133 | 0.078 (7.38) |
0.161 -(2.04) |
| Beneficiary Average Visits | 0.207 | 0.112 (7.41) |
0.263 -(1.89) |
| Any Outpatient | 0.604 | 0.473 (9.64) |
0.586 (0.90) |
| Average Lab Tests | 4.75 | 4.74 (0.05) |
5.802 -(2.69) |
| Average Out-of-Pocket Expenses | |||
| All Services | $79.93 | $73.57 (1.66) |
$111.58 -(4.64) |
| Physician Visits | $58.59 | $51.16 (3.72) |
$69.15 -(3.20) |
| Inpatient Stays | $6.08 | $12.82 (-2.69) |
22.54 -(4.20) |
| Outpatient | $15.26 | $9.59 (2.60) |
$19.89 -(1.47) |
| Average Allowed Charge | |||
| All Services | $4,484.61 | $3,176.45 (5.82) |
$4,439.03 (0.10) |
| Physician Visits | $1,792.62 | $1,309.03 (5.88) |
$1,736.73 (0.35) |
| Inpatient Stays | $1,825.22 | $1,388.55 (2.72) |
$2,034.34 -(0.74) |
| Outpatient | $866.77 | $478.87 (8.97) |
$667.97 -(1.47) |
| Mortality Rate in 1999 | 0.028 | 0.018 (2.65) |
0.013 (2.67) |
NOTE: In parentheses are the t-statistics for comparison of means between the treatment population and the two comparison populations.
SOURCE: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Data from the 1999 Medicare Health Maintenance Organization Closure Study.