Table 5.

Effect of gender on PPS measure (n=44). Both threshold and tolerance tests were done on 4 LOCATIONS (C2, C5, Up- Trap and shin bone) in each side of neck-shoulder and leg area.

Test Variables	Male, Mean ± SD	Female, Mean ± SD	Mean Difference (Male-Female)	P Value
Test location: Cervical spine level two (C2)
Left Threshold	5.3 ± 2.2	3.9 ± 1.6	1.4	.02
Left Tolerance	9.4 ± 4.2	6 ± 2.5	3.3	.03
Right Threshold	5.7 ± 3.0	4.2 ± 1.7	1.5	.14
Right Tolerance	9.3 ± 5.5	5.9 ± 2.5	3.5	.07
Test location: Cervical spine level six (C6)
Left Threshold	6.1 ± 2.5	4.2 ± 1.8	1.9	.01
Left Tolerance	9.9 ± 5	6.5 ± 3.3	3.4	.06
Right Threshold	7.1 ± 3.7	4.5 ± 1.8	2.6	.04
Right Tolerance	10.8 ± 4.6	6.4 ± 3.0	4.1	.05
Test location: Upper Trapezium muscle (UpTrap)
Left Threshold	10.8 ± 4.6	7.7 ± 3.4	3.1	.02
Left Tolerance	16.8 ± 7.2	11.9 ± 5.3	4.9	.02
Right Threshold	11.4 ± 5	7.7 ± 3.8	3.7	.01
Right Tolerance	17.5 ± 7.3	12.2 ± 6.7	5.4	.03
Test location: Anterior aspect of Tibia (Shin bone)
Left Threshold	6 ± 1.9	4.2 ± 1.9	1.8	.01
Left Tolerance	9.5 ± 3.5	6.5 ± 3.4	2.9	.02
Right Threshold	5.8 ± 2	4.6 ± 1.6	1.2	.05
Right Tolerance	8.4 ± 3.4	6.7 ± 2.9	1.7	.12

Abbreviation/Symbol: SD = Standard Deviation; Significant mean differences and p values are bolded.