Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and neuropsychological data of the DBS, pre-DBS, and C groups.
| DBS group | Pre-DBS group | CS group | F(df) | P | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Number of subjects | 27 | 38 | 27 | – | – |
| Sex (male/female) | 16/11 | 23/15 | 15/12 | 0.2(2)a | – |
| Age | 61.4(8.1) | 59(7.4) | 60.1(10.7) | 0.6(2;89) | 0.5 |
| Years of education | 9.5(3.6) | 9(3.9) | 11.2(3.3) | 2.9(2;89) | 0.06 |
| DBS group | Pre-DBS group | – | T(df) | – | |
| Duration of the dopaminergic treatment (years) | 14.2(4.2) | 12.7(4.8) | – | –1.5(63) | – |
| Severity of the disease (UPDRS section III, off condition) | 47.3(8.8) | 44.3(6.3) | – | –1.6 (63) | – |
| LEDD (levodopa equivalent daily dosage) | 729.0(305.3) | 980.1(353.1) | – | 3.0 (63) | 0.004 |
| Neuropsychological data | |||||
| DBS group | pre-DBS group | – | T(df) | P | |
| MMSE | 27.9(1.5) | 28.5(1.5) | – | 1.5(63) | 0.1 |
| Corsi’s Block-Tapping Test | 5(0.5) | 5.5(0.9) | – | 2.6(63) | 0.007 |
| Raven Color Matrices | 26.6(4.3) | 27.7(5) | – | 0.9(63) | 0.4 |
| Bisyllabic Word Repetition Test | 4.1(08) | 4.5(0.9) | – | 1.9(63) | 0.01 |
| Paired-Associate Learning | 10.3(2.8) | 11.1(2.7) | – | 1.2(63) | 0.2 |
| Trail mMaking Test Part B | 261.9(165) | 198.2(161.5) | – | –1.5(63) | 0.1 |
| Nelson Modified Card Sorting Test | |||||
| Categories | 5.6(0.7) | 5.8(0.5) | – | 1(63) | 0.3 |
| Errors | 6(5.1) | 4.4(3.5) | – | –1.5(63) | 0.1 |
| Perseverations | 2.6(2.2) | 2.3(2.8) | – | –0.4(63) | 0.7 |
| Phonemic verbal fluency | 24.9(9.7) | 33(10.1) | – | 3.3(63) | 0.002 |
| Category verbal fluency | 19(4.3) | 20.9(4.5) | – | 1.7(63) | 0.1 |
| FAB | 14.7(1.6) | 16.1(1.5) | – | 3.5(63) | 0.01 |
Mean (SD) and univariate ANOVAs (F)/t-tests (T) are shown. achi square.