. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 May 24;24(9):990–995. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.05.004

TABLE 2.

Hemodynamic and renal responses to dietary sodium perturbation.

	LS Men	LS Women	HS Men	HS Women
Mass (kg)	75 ± 3	67 ± 2^*	76 ± 3^†	69 ± 2^*^†
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	15.6 ± 0.3	12.8 ± 0.3^*	15.0 ± 0.4^†	12.0 ± 0.3^*^†
Hematocrit (%)	43.5 ± 0.8	36.7 ± 1.7^*	41.4 ± 0.7	36.9 ± 1.1^*
Plasma osmolality (mOsm/kg H2O)	285.1 ± 1.2	284.8 ± 1.3	287.5 ± 1.0	286.0 ± 1.4
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	137.6 ± 0.6	137.5 ± 0.6	139.8 ± 0.5^†	138.3 ± 0.7
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.2 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 0.1	4.1 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.1
Serum chloride (mmol/L)	100.4 ± 0.7	103.3 ± 0.5^*	102.9 ± 0.4^†	106.2 ± 0.6^*^†
Urine osmolality (mOsm/kg H2O)	542.7 ± 57.6	389.5 ± 51.5^*	486.9 ± 46.6	438.4 ± 52.5
Urine flow rate (mL/min)	1.00 ± 0.14	1.04 ± 0.15	1.46 ± 0.14^†	1.28 ± 0.15^†
Free water clearance (mL/min)	−0.70 ± 0.18	0.10 ± 0.21^*	−0.99 ± 0.16	−0.54 ± 0.20
24-h SBP (mm Hg)	119.1 ± 1.3	110.2 ± 1.4^*	121 ± 2^†	112 ± 1^*
24-h DBP (mm Hg)	71.8 ± 1.3	68.5 ± 1.4	72 ± 1	67 ± 1^*
24-h PP (mm Hg)	47 ± 1	41 ± 1^*	49 ± 2^†	45 ± 1^*^†
24-h heart rate (bpm)	69 ± 3	65 ± 5	67 ± 3	67 ± 2
Laboratory SBP (mm Hg)	117 ± 3	109 ± 3^*	119 ± 2	111 ± 3^*
Laboratory DBP (mm Hg)	63 ± 2	64 ±2	65 ± 1	66 ±2
Laboratory MAP (mmHg)	81 ± 2	79 ± 2	83 ± 1	81 ± 2
Laboratory PP (mmHg)	54 ± 3	45 ± 1^*	54 ± 3	46 ± 2^*

Values are mean ± SE; n = 30 (14 women and 16 men). DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HS, high sodium; LS, low sodium; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

P<0.05 v. men;

^†

P<0.05 v. respective sex’s low-sodium values