Table 4.
No. of reviews with improved outcome/no. of reviews assessing outcomea |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | CHF (12 reviews) | Diabetes (7 reviews) | COPD (7 reviews) | Asthma (5 reviews) |
Clinical | ||||
Improved glycaemic control | 4/7 | |||
Improved blood pressure control | 1/4 | |||
Reduced mortality | 5/8 | 0/3 | ||
Functional | ||||
Improved exercise capacity/functionb | 2/2 | 2/3 | 2/4 | 1/3 |
Patient centred | ||||
Improved quality of life | 4/8 | 4/5 | 0/5 | 1/2 |
Higher patient satisfaction | 0/2 | 4/4 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
Process of care | ||||
Improved adherence to treatment guidelinesc | 2/5 | 4/6 | 3/3 | 5/5 |
More regular retinal and foot examinations | 3/7 | |||
Use of healthcare resources | ||||
Reduced hospital admissions | 4/6 | 2/3 | 2/5 | 2/3 |
Reduced readmissions | 5/9 | 2/3 | ||
Reduced re-admissions or mortality | 2/2 | |||
Increased time between discharge and readmission | 1/3 | |||
Reduced length of hospital stay | 4/8 | 1/1 | 4/4 | |
Reduced number of ED visits | 2/3 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 1/2 |
Increased use of appropriate medication | 0/2 | |||
Costs | ||||
Reduced costs of services | 1/8 | 1/4 | 0/3 | 1/2 |
Only outcomes assessed by at least two reviews are shown.
LDL, low density lipoprotein; ED, emergency department; CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
aNumber of reviews showing positive trends or significant (P < 0.05) improvements associated with integrated care models over the number of reviews that examined this outcome.
bExercise capacity, physical activity, functional status, lung function, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1).
cAdherence to treatments or diets, provider adherence to guidelines including the screening for risk factors or conditions, improved patient self-care and knowledge as a result of improved adherence of providers to guidelines.