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Treatment Groups of Experimental Animals
| Group | Rat number | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| A | 12 | Calvarial defects without any grafts |
| B | 12 | Calvarial defects engrafted with scaffolds without cells |
| C | 12 | Calvarial defects engrafted with scaffolds and un-transfected MSCs |
| D | 12 | Calvarial defects engrafted with scaffolds and vector-transfected MSCs |
| E | 12 | Calvarial defects engrafted with scaffolds and ICAM-1-transfected MSCs |
ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells.
