FIG. 4.

Immunohistochemical staining of HUVEC and HASMC/HUVEC-seeded microchannels after 7 and 14 days. HUVEC/HASMC-seeded microchannels stained for CD31, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after (a, b) 7 and (c, d) 14 days. Note CD31⁺ and vWF expressing HUVEC along the luminal (L) surface and α-SMA expressing SMC in the subendothelial plane. Lycopersicon esculentum stained microchannel after (e) 14 days demonstrating heparan sulfate within the neointimal glycocalyx and neomedia extracellular matrix (ECM), co-localized with CD31⁺ (f). (g) HASMC/HUVEC-seeded microchannel with vWF⁺ endothelial cells along the luminal surface and basal lamina Collagen IV (green) in the abluminal plane. (h, i) Co-localized vWF⁺ (red) endothelial cells with basal lamina collagen IV. In situ fluorescent imaging of (j) HUVEC-only-seeded microchannel and (k) HUVEC/HASMC-seeded microchannel after 7 days of static culture depicting acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake demonstrating endothelial cell functionality. (l) HUVEC-only- and (m) HAMSC/HUVEC-seeded microchannels depicting acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake and endothelial cell functionality within the microchannel following 14 days of culture. (Image in left lower corner represents the plane of section through the microchannel.) Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea