Table 1.
Representative recent phase ≥ II clinical trials for recurrent glioblastoma patients evaluating cytotoxic (chemotherapy) agents
| Agent | Patients (n) | Response Criteria | ORR (%) | Durability of ORR | PFS-6 (%) | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NABTC | 437 | Macdonald | 7 | Not stated | 16 | Lamborn, 200811 |
| Carboplatin + thymidine | 45 | Macdonald | 2.2 | Not stated | Not started | Robins, 200212 |
| BCNU | 40 | Macdonald | 15 | Not stated | 17.5 | Brandes, 200413 |
| BCNU + TMZ | 36 | Macdonald | 5.5 | Not stated | 21 | Prados, 200414 |
| Carboplatin + erlotinib | 43 | Macdonald | 2.3 | 15 weeks | 14 | De Groot, 200815 |
| CCNU | 92 | Levin | 4.3 | Not stated | 19 | Wick, 201016 |
| CCNU | 65 | RANO | 8.9 | Not stated | 25 | Batchelor, 201317 |
| Cloretazine | 32 | Macdonald | 0 | Not applicable | 6 | Badruddoja, 200718 |
| Hydroxyurea | 120 | Macdonald | 0.8 | Not stated | 5 | Dresemann, 201019 |
| Irinotecan | 40 | Macdonald | 0 | Not applicable | NR | Santisteban, 200920 |
| Irinotecan | 48 | Macdonald | 17 | 12–42 weeks | NR | Friedman, 199921 |
| Irinotecan | 40 | Macdonald | 0 | Not applicable | 0 | Chamberlain, 200222 |
| PCV | 63 | Macdonald | 11 | Not stated | 32 | Kappelle, 200123 |
| PCV | 83 | Macdonald | 3.5 | Not stated | 38.4 | Schmidt, 200624 |
| Procarbazine | 113 | Macdonald | 5.3 | Not stated | 8 | Yung, 200025 |
| TMZ | 112 | Macdonald | 5.4 | Not stated | 21 | Yung, 200025 |
| TMZ | 128 | Macdonald | 8 | Not stated | 18 | Brada, 200126 |
| TMZ (7/7) | 45 | Macdonald | 15.5 | Not stated | 43.8 | Wick, 200727 |
| TMZ (21/28) | 33 | Macdonald | 9 | Median: 30.4 weeks | 30 | Brandes, 200628 |
| TMZ (21/28) | 58 | Macdonald | 13 | Not stated | 11 | Norden, 201329 |
| TMZ (28/28) – PD off TMZ | 29 | Macdonald | 11.1 | Not stated | 35.7 | Perry, 201030 |
| TMZ + thalidomide | 43 | Macdonald | 7 | Not stated | 24 | Groves, 200731 |
Abbreviations: BCNU, carmustine; CCNU, lomustine; NABTC, North American Brain Tumor Consortium; ORR, objective response rate; PCV, procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine; PD, progressive disease; PFS-6, progression-free survival at 6 months); TMZ, temozolomide